Psychology Vocabulary

Psychology (Myers, 8E) Chapter 10 Study online at quizlet. com/_h108 1. cognition the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating a mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or populate a mental image or best example of a category a methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem.Contrasts with the usually speedier but also more error-prone -use of heuristics a simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently usually speedier but also more error-prone than algorithms a sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem it contrasts with strategy-based solutions a lean to search for information that confirms ones preconceptions the inability to see a problem from a new perspective an impediment to problem solving a tendency to come along a problem in a particular port, often a way that has been successful in the past the tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions an impediment to problem solving judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes may occupy one to ignore other relevent information estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory if instances come readily to mind (perhaps because of their vividness), we presume much(prenominal) events are common the tendency to be more confident than correct to overestimate the accuracy of ones beliefs and judgments the way an issue is posed how an issue is framed sess significantly affect decisions and judgments 15. belief bias 2. concept prototype algorithm he tendency for ones preexisting beliefs to distort logical reasoning, sometimes by devising invalid conclusions seem valid, or valid conclusions seem invalid clinging to ones initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited our spoken, written, or signed language and the ways we combine them to lead meaning in a language, the smallest distinctive sound unit in a language, the smallest unit that carries meaning may be a word or a part of a word (such as a prefix) in a language, a system of rules that enables us to communicate with and understand others the set of rules by which we derive meaning from morphemes, words, and sentences in a given language also, the study of meaning the rules for combining words into grammatically raw sentences in a given language beginning at about 4 months, the stop of speech developing in which the infant spontaneously utters non-homogeneous sounds at first unrelated to the household language the stage in speech development, from about age 1 to 2, during which a child speaks mostly in single words beginning about age 2, the stage in speech development during which a child speaks mostly two-word statements early speech stage in which a child speaks like a telegram go car using mostly nouns and verbs and omitti ng auxiliary words Whorfs hypothesis that language determines the way we think 16. 3. belief perseverance language 4. 17. 18. phoneme morpheme 5. heuristic 19. 20. grammar 6. insight 21. semantics 7. confirmation bias fixation 22. syntax 8. 23. 9. mental set babbling stage 10. serviceable fixedness representativeness heuristic 24. one-word stage two-word stage telegraphic speech linguistic determinism 11. 25. 26. 12. availability heuristic 27. 13. overconfidence 14. framing