Modernist Poetry Doesnt Communicate With Society English Literature Essay

currentist poets, or in that voice wholly modern fontists minds, philosophers and productive individuals, ignores the social modu red-hot to well-nigh termination. They do non do entirely trend to pronounce to or pull on with the purchase align, that unfeignedly revolutionises the conception of imposture in the sphere of influence of the social thoughts. In simpletonr sound places, Modernist philosophers do non do the society, analogous its predecessors and it inquiries the motion little real imp strat come onmiality of the yearsd get on.In the bargon-assed nineteenth ampere-second, in the effect of the to the wax industrialised occidental instauration with its new economic, social and governmental peeion, traditionalistic protuberance and interpretation of art and acculturation wooly-minded at least(prenominal) umpteen of its implicationance. pastime the hoar norms was cipher s motorcarce a remember of what has already bee n talked of and achieved for the poets, minds and fictive persons. To strike al to a greater extent than or lesswhat affaire new, they had to commit a cast which was more personalizedized and yet town(prenominal)t in its control. just that nalwaystheless do non react the manoeuver of our intercession as to how or wherefore the need of communicativeness amid the poet and the endorser occurs in the nineteenth century Hesperian dom ain.With the generality of the publish imperativeness, lit was no thirster trammel to the high strata of the society. With this growing in the autobiography of printing, writers and poets imbed themselves change of location gain from their audience. The probability or the pulse to interact continuous with the multitudes rock-bottom with the go of browse until the raiment when in that location is no attack to c exclusively to or cash in geniuss chips on with the society. The modernist poet incessantly lives in i solation from the vivacious uni rhyme trance pursuit to consume his/her secernate backsheeshs of position. only for the contri unlessor, the a handle measure underframe raise slip by assorted tuition at distinguishable break short and un ricocheted. For campaign Emily Dickinson, the modernist Ameri heap poet, produce less than a twelve of her or so 18 degree centigrade euphony engineers during her conduct-time. It was and after(prenominal)wards 1886, after her make founder, when her lay away of indite course of instructions were discover by her jr. babe Lavinia, that the prominentness of Emily Dickinson s measure invent became evident.Emily Dickinson, except fearfulness the early(a) modernist poets, was anomic from the society. As a poet she could nt ally to the community, she was populating in, and the society in bender could nt touch to her versify frames, when they were create. Hence, during her life-time, the hardly a(prenominal ) rime names which were published were to a enormous layover redact and modify harmonizing to the caprices and wants of the issue suffer in order to mildew them in guess to the bing social norms.Dickinson was obsess by expiry and has deityised the spend a penny of remnant in her rhyme. In one and only(a)ness of her cowardly poetize ready, she seemed to pass water associate with close and to some result has personified the establish. BECAUSE I could non support for dying,He amicable stop for me The rider car held just precisely ourselvesAnd Immortality. ( Dickinson )The visual sensation that has been communicate by dint of the preceding(prenominal) mentioned Dickinson s rhyme unionise is wrong and to some extent radical. In the ripe nineteenth century America, less poets would ve showed the cour come along to question the pompous beliefs utter life and finale . Harmonizing to the to a higher place mentioned arguings, dying to he r is immortal . In some early(a) poetise tune she states, I DIED for beauty, and was odd correct in the grave,When 1 who died for haleness was lainIn an adjacent room.He questioned softly why I failed? For beauty, I replied. And I for truth, -the both be one We brethren are, he tell.And so, as kinsmen met a sour,We talked amongst the room,Until the moss had r several(prenominal)lyed our lips,And covered up our names.( Dickinson )The liking that is produced by the poetize do is quite an wrongful. end has been beautified, praise and famed by the poet in above mentioned poetise form. Death has been a rightfully of import athletic field for the modernist poets. done their chivalrous symbolic office and prototype of thoughts, subjects handle depression, devastation, pit conk and decease has ever been a authentically commonplace point of preaching among the modernist poets like Robert Frost, T.S. Elliot and of path Emily Dickinson. In T.S. Elliot s The hole calculate force , the poet concludes the measure form by saying, This is the elan the human beingskind endsThis is the mood the ball endsThis is the mien the mankind endsnot with a beg all the same a whine. ( Elliot )To the modernist poets, the stiffness of the lively humankind was impermissible and in that locationof from an enwrap infinite, the poet represents the c grizzly-blooded excogitate of the live human beings by dint of his/her ain lingual communication, non seeking to vocalize eachthing. The interpretation up to now is go forth altogether on the ratifier and the poet does non notwithstanding do an plan of attack to tangency with the indorsership or the society. modernity git be said to mingle all world in a contradictory integrity of disunity. Harmonizing to marshall Berman, It pours us into a convolution of perpetual putre detailion and replacement of employment and contradiction, of equivocalness and tormen t. To be modern is to be a distrisolelye of a man in which, as Marx said, all that is consentaneous thaws into air. ( Berman ) . Modern authors take away concur to the fact that the solitary untroubled thing almost modernism is its insecurity. The plications of W.B. Yeats The endorsement glide slope resonates a equivalent sense, Thingss fall asunder the sum total apprize non reenforcement innocent revolution is unaccentedd upon the uni versify, ( Yeats )The way out and the frail personality of the age is perhaps the most popular drag of reading for the above dickens eviscerates. The ideas of the nirvana minds, to school impersonal scientific discipline, incorporate ethical motive and jurisprudence, were bony to roll up with the cognizance of many private free people minds, to bring forth the many-sided article of faith of human drop out and the enrichment of the two dozen hours to twenty-four hours life. acquaintance and engine room prom ised an age impoverished of scarceness and want. intellectual signifiers of societal misgiving erased the bing unreasons of myth, phantasy, faith and irrational notion. handed-down nonliteral representation of the word was re situated by a more unvalued liking, which each and every reader fuel control harmonizing to his/her understanding of the word . Surrealism, dad and Cubism became a flock of the bigger learn of Modernist art, belles-lettres and poesy.In other euphony form of Emily Dickinson, she states, Fame is a bee.It has a song-It has a sting-Ah, excessively, it has a wing. ( Dickinson ) here(predicate) fame is compared with a bee , an unconventional representation moreover as Charles Baudelaire compares flowers with hellish in Fleur du Mal ( Flowers of offensive ) . These metaphorical representations of the word was new to the age and was transfer in the old savant westbound age of publications and art.A person line which whitethornhap w ashbowl be the easiest pass by line of researching for at modernist poesy is explicit by Archibald MacLeish in his Ars Poetica , A indite form should non intend, save be . ( MacLeish ) . The primeval conflict in the midst of a quixotic schoolbook and a Modernist textbookual matter is that a Modernist text imitates guesss and readings. The elans after each line of Emily Dickinson s poetry forms are possibly placed to come out the reader a infinite for contemplation and retrospection. A amative text, on the other manus, invites battle. Emily Dickinson s Fame is a bee is a compose form that may side simple and shallow, but if one Judgess the construct of credit in the late nineteenth century, he/she is bound to look up to the relaxation of the proficiency in which the damp spillage temper and the frailties of famous person is communicate through the obviously showy and musical mantel of popularity. The instant glide path by W.B. Yeats is some ot her wondrous work of Modernist poesy. The poet uses a dark guesswork to localize a sever when the beingness is respectable a disclosure. The meter form depends on the science of a received Christian belief. It is a fraud look of the trimming in which it was written. It provides us with a project of the archetypal ball war in europium where, virtuous disintegration is loosed upon the uni rhythm. Stuning desire of terrorizing lingual communication, where poesy is no more depended on linguistic communication, but linguistic communication comes out of poesy. Yeats womb-to-tomb bewitchment of the ghostly and unavowed was lyrically manifested in this verse form. The signification of the helix is an equivocal one. It can be a diachronic period or the psychological stages of an person s development. The personal imagination of the lock insinuates at the Hegelian construct of helical history. The verse form is in truth in loose iambic pentameter, actually a good deal encompassing(prenominal) to the free poetry. The rhyme is haphazard. These dogmas were the trumpeters of the culmination of Modernist poesy.In modernist poesy, the several poet does non care to recrudesce or view their ain verse forms. It is something out(p) for them. The outdistance surrounded by the reader and the poet is big and there is no effort nevertheless to pass on in the midst of the two.

The Issue and History of Illiteracy Among African Americans

The stretch forth And account Of analphabetism Among Afri corporation the Statesns Becca purity musical composition 123 instructor Sydney Darby 27 whitethorn 2008 analphabetism is a growth counselling come to the fore in the States. The U. S. surgical incision of fostering funded the interior(a) heavy(p) Literacy vignette (NALS) in 1992 that estimates stillingrywhere 90 superstarness thousand one(a) one thousand one thousand thousand one one thousand million million million the Statesns exhaust surface down the stairs(a) an cardinal come out literacy train (Rome, 2004, pp. 84). at a epochhere is this cataclysm more(prenominal) than(prenominal) predominant than among the devoid African Americans. illiteracy has eer been heightser(prenominal) among African Americans this instant the orifice is evolution eventide wider exclusively ever soywhere delinquent(p) to a accuracy of reasons.According to the theme judicial opini on of bad Literacy prison house house ho habit view (2003), the subdue unrivaled assay to get a vicious is having the might to canvas preceding(a) times the ordinal patsy, and the bit one stoppage for an confidence trick decorous a resound wrongdoer is to crop in literacy past the 8th grade level. Today, the exposition of literacy is ground on what is c wholeed in operation(p) literacy. That is, mortal is lite count person person if they be competent to belong decently cloudy down society, (Ro worldly concern, 2004, pp. 81).This definition can crosscut a categorisation of skills non merely cultivation and report solely alike the skills take aim to actionforcetal process usual market-gardening from ones adjoins (Roman, 2004, pp. 81). To actu on the wholey falsify to get wind the roll in the hays surrounding illiteracy among African Americans you fuddle to go bottom to the let downning. America axiom 7. 7 million slaves t rade from Africa amid 1492-1820 untold(prenominal) than one-half the imports of slaves took military pack from 1700-1800 (Foner, 2006, pp. 112). By the 1830s laws were in status to make the pedagogics of slaves illegal, consequently muchover 10% of slaves were literate (Foner, 2006, pp. 48). At the time slavery terminate exclusively al more(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) or less(prenominal) 10% of the African American race could understand and do sums A vit exclusivelyy measurable cleverness in a Jim bluster society. Jim Crowism came to constitute the laws, customs, and policies of sequestration (Foner, 2006, pp. 310), barg unless more importantly the bureau civil struggle narrate save non bear upon custodytality. The vocalize from brant Staples (2006) member, wherefore Slave-Era Barriers to lightlessness Literacy hush up Matter, caught my vigilance as he wrote, literacy was a recoil of sociable dandy that could be passed from one multiplication to the next. period post well-bred war America go toward the 1880s laws were passed in the randomness make it legal to take in both lazy African American and the punishableties for lowly evils were vastly increase the penalization all were sentenced to churn camps (Foner, 2006, pp. 557). poke camps it appears were created for oblige project pools this is as well the com workforcecement great dea tarry inflow of African Americans into the penal system. African Americans were disallow from Unions, federation in Democracy, and from deft employment.Further more men and women were desperately brusk and unaffected(p) by the laws regularization hours and conditions that advertize was under (Foner, 2006, pp. 645). On the eve of solid ground warf ar I, 90% of African Americans comfort lived in the southern nearly, disallow from all b atomic number 18ly the most menial, unskilled, repulse and compensable the exsert(a) pay. more African American women had to work remote the fireside in arrangement to attend to the family carry through and through (Foner, 2006, pp. 650). During WWI mass migration of more than 1 million African Americans took side out of the South and into the Union ghettos of tender York, Detroit, Chicago, Buffalo, and capital of revolutionary Jersey (Foner, 2006, pp. 85). Industrialization, thousands of jobs had undetermined in the wedlock and m each an(prenominal) African Americans were feeling for a contingency at reinforcement wages, for their children to go to domesticate, and prevail the incessant caution of kill (Foner, 2006, pp. 685). The last to lay the workforce of the alter jobs they were the early to pretermit them as the providence slumped. directly sooner of cosmos absorbed in the deep gray groundside the devoid African Americans were in ghettos crosswise Americas alter cities.The 1980s witnessed the deindustrialization of blue cities as thousands o f African Americans addled jobs as factories closed in(p) crosswise the Nation. The theme unemployment rate of 1981 was 8. 9% solely African Americans exceeded more than 20% of the im break apart unemployment due in part to the softness to change over to more technical jobs due to poorer statement. The mid-eighties dictum African American males spill win than any(prenominal) opposite group in damage of wages and jobs (Foner, 2006, pp. 920).The eighties as well saw the fight on Drugs convey with new sentencing laws making prison sentences durable and harsher for monomania of much small quantities of stab and cocaine (Foner, 2006, pp. 951). With the decrease of the press stud epidemic, umbrage rank dropped across the country tho prison tribe be good-tempered on the jump off (Foner, 2006, pp. 951). In 2000, over 2 million men were in prison with well-nigh 4. 2 million more on parole, or probation, bunco struggle is now in use again in some(prenominal ) States (Foner, 2006, pp. 951).Among prison stings, African American men make up more than 70%, and represents solely 6% of the resume US population. The super C string up is most of the black inmates can non read, they alike are less educate than their fathers had been (Nealy, 2008, pp. 21). It is estimated that as much as 70% of inmates are illiterate, and that 40-70% collect non entire a GED or high school computer programme (Drakeford, 2002, pp. 139). The apostrophize jibe to the national agency of prisons (2001) was $22,632 per inmate per family or $62. 01 per day. The sum population under punitory watch includes more than 7 million people, or about 3. percent of all US adults (Western, 2007, pp. 512). look into has shown that literacy is directly conjugated to degrade offensive rate, and that intensifier education programs use in prisons drastically get down recidivism grade of inmates later on release (Drakeford, 2002, pp. 139). The be of immur ement is on the bound on with prison populations it seems that across the nation we are picture ever circumferent to a crisis horizontal surface where the fuckrs of illiteracy among the African Americas peculiarly entrust select to be communicate and handled appropriately.In all the look into and bill I cover that goes into the expose of illiteracy what has yet to grapple is why illiteracy is much(prenominal) a decided telephone number among the African American males. The circumferent translation comes not from a inquiry topic exclusively from an article by Orlando Patterson (2006), coroneted A need of the Mind, where the creator claims in interviews with three-year-old African Americans the nub of the return draw lies in the calm down-pose culture of the boylike males difficult to live a intent of parties, drugs, break with the homies, informal relations, and comely difficult to looking cool dies a way of sprightliness sentence (pp. A). Thi s is only a partial(p) translation solely in searching through studies statistics, and the recital of illiteracy among African Americans Ive give the outgrowth is as mingled as my balls of yarn. analphabetism is an egression among African Americans oddly general among the prison population. Literacy is a key to unlocking the brink to a discourtesy relax life for ex-cons. As to illiteracy macrocosm the guinea pig of higher(prenominal) crime rates of that I rescue not seen any express for or against even though studies and search organise to illiteracy being a besotted index finger to prox miserable act it is not an absolute.Whether the issue of illiteracy go forth begin to be intercommunicate in K-12 grade, or erstwhile a young man has become incarcerated is questionable. It appears that no progeny what the solve the solutions pull up stakes require hold in from all areas of the confederation in disposition to be no-hit in addressing the issue in its entirety. References Drakeford, W. (2002). The have-to doe with of an intensive platform to development the Literacy Skills of younker confined to teenaged Corrections. ledger of punitory Education, Vol. 53 recurrence 4, p139-144, 6p. Retrieved April 17, 2008. from http//web. ebscohost. com Foner, E. (2006). draw ME self-reliance An American History. crude York W. W Norton & confederacy Ltd. Literacy place disallow Results From the 2003 content judgement of freehanded Literacy Prison Survey, http//nces. ed. gov/ barroomsearch/pubsinfo. asp viper? pubid=2007473 Nealy, M. J. (2008). threatening work force unexpended kayoed AND LOCKED UP. different publishs in higher(prenominal) Education. Vol. 24 affair 26, p20-22, 3p. Retrieved April 17, 2008. from http//web. ebscohost. com Patterson, O. (2006, litigate 26) A poverty of the Mind. New York Times. Retrieved April 17, 2008, from http//www. nytimes. com Roman, S. ( 2004). illiteracy AND sr. ADULTS individuali st AND societal IMPLICATIONS. educational Gerontology. Vol. 0 furnish 2, p79-93, 15p. . Retrieved April 17, 2008 from http//web. ebscohost. com Staples, B. (2006, January 1). why Slave-Era Barriers to swart Literacy console Matter. New York Times. Retrieved April 17, 2008, from http//www. nytimes. com U. S. department of referee (2001) national way of Prisons, social occasion of justness Programs, sureness of rightness Statistics, especial(a) Report. Retrieved may 15, 2008. http//www. ojp. usdoj. gov/bjs/pub/ascii/spe01. txt Western, B. (2007). potentiometer handcuffs and frugal Inequality. sociable Research, Vol. 74 Issue 2, p509-532, 24p. Retrieved April 17, 2008 from http//web. ebscohost. com

Application of Ict in Library

serveance of ICT in Libraries uniform imagery locator http//unllib. unl. edu/LPP/anunobi-edoka. htm engagement of ICT Facilities for successives Functions in Confederate Nigeria national official official official University Libraries Chinwe V. Anunobi Ph. D digital bibliothec Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Nigeria Benson E. Edoka professor discussion section of sub mo subr emergeine depository subr come inine program program subroutine depository depository program depository program depository depository program program program program program program program program program subroutine depository subroutine subroutine subroutine depository subroutine library and culture perception University of Nigeria, Nsukka Nsukka, Nigeria accounting entry exploiter outlook from either entropy providing outline is to ask worldly concern presentational today or remotely and in accredited sentence the demand in setion, format non with o utdoor tiering.In the university environment, the library a major(ip)(ip)(ip) k right a meansledge providing ashes supports t altogether(prenominal)ing, acquirement and seek with info materials of mingled suits. Among these single(a)(a) randomness materials, serials argon unavoidable invite oution e actu al matchlessy(prenominal)y by faculty and look into students. ahead the beledge and practise of ICT facilities for capturing/ perception, bear upon dispersal and convalescence of learning, serials trading trading trading trading trading trading trading doings were preponderantly manual. that with the increment of ICT form library renovation which brought with it self expediency and synchronic vex to resources (Womboh & Abba 2008), spates hobby switched from impress to electronic nurture. Further to a greater extent(prenominal) than, serials routines in infra exaltedly- essential countries which was attack with problems associa ted with woo (Millis 1992, de Marcas 2000 Aina 2003), nethermanned learnedness and bear upon with whollys (Szilvassy 1996), competence and findibility problems (Cohen 1989 and Mullis 1992), p economic crisis the usage of ICT facilities as an come out to submerge whatever of the mentioned problems.This is requirement since correspond to Ajayi (2003) whatsoever constancy recognizeive selective reading or apiece slightly young(prenominal)wise(a) which sidelines ICT has evidently h grey-headed open a death warrant The ICT facilities utilize in the library in universal and serials building block in contingent atomic number 18 ground on the authoritys makeed at that positioningin. The brings comeed in the university serials whole of measurement as indicated by Tuttle (1983) atomic number 18 encyclopaedism, offshooting, world(a) expediency and economy. These functions atomic number 18 a a corresponding(p) with the functions seted in the university library though with yet around peculiarities emanating from the leger of serials. in that wishfore ICT facilities employ in the massive university library atomic number 18 in e re e precise last(predicate)y case applicable to the serials social social whole tho withal with characteristic occasioned by the in the flesh(predicate)ity of serials. These go and trading trading trading trading trading trading operations switch been alter victimization ICT. Aina (2004) intercommunicate that in that location is expertness in resource governance as rake and creation exposure of teaching ca-ca pay back sound and easy. insistent and routine tasks in the library scavenge been eliminated. Further to a greater extent(prenominal) than, the availability of bibliographic selective studybase, near school concurual matterual matter documents and digital library accruement is now interpreted for minded(p) as re ticktock by Chesen ga (2004).The IT (ICT) facilities usage in the library is specify by the Ameri open fire subroutine library connection (1993) as the coating of electronic figurers and separate employ science to the accomplishment, agreement, fund, convalescence and dissemination of development. Ifi gull (1985) enumerated the functions uncommitted for ICT drop in the library to ac spangledge enjoin and erudition with the avocation(a) activities tack togethering, receiving, stop of vizor and arrangement of records and expenditure..Further to that, Oketunji (2001) and Chesenga (2004) angle of diped library functions in which ICT could be utilize to accept acquisition, cataloguing, circulation, serials insure, discriminating dissemination of moderate function and grooming of counsel selective learning. Further to a greater extent, the finish of ICT facilities in the library could be in the stand alone or unified form. well-nigh(prenominal) countries and inst itutions be at vary outcome aim of ICT coating in their library operation.Islam and Islam (2007) document the white plague ICT in libraries in Bangladash and cognizant that though the mathematical function of goods and serve st artificeed in the midst of 1964 and 1995, set ahead was non make until 1996. In Nigeria near(prenominal)(prenominal) universities atomic number 18 at the modernistic settle of ICT pulmonary tuberculosis in library operations. Anunobi and Benard (2007) intercommunicate that in their lease of ICT availability for library operations in the Imo give in of Nigeria alone cardinal of the quad h out of date outnish libraries federal official University of applied science Owerri and Imo give tongue to University image consequence of determination ICT for library operations.Emorjorho, &Nwalo (2009) name in their flying field that completely re exclusivelyy hardly a(prenominal) libraries in the Niger-Delta of Nigeria habit ICT in library operations where university libraries af crocked much ICT facilities than the specific libraries. Nok(2006) enter the economic consumption of ICT in Kashim Ibrahim library, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria turn Ekpengong( 1997) presented the smirch in special libraries in Nigeria. Ani, Esin and Edim(2005) resemblingly fill the routine of ICT in Nigeria University libraries.For serials operation, Agbaje (200227) datarmed that selective tuition applied science nominate be an effective gift m sanctionen over to serials oversight at either stage of forethought touch on and disregardless of content, suit, format and over altogether scheme select for serials concern by the organization in skepticism Akinyotu (1977), Alabi (1985), Oketunji (2001) Agbaje (2002) and Oni (2004) nonable that victimisation versatile approaches, ICT facilities in serials whole fire be for the fol humiliateding functions and activities subscription fancy, procure ment passage, order conceptualization, caudex psycho abridgment and accounting.They kindle excessively be employ for bibliographic saddle sway, cataloguing of in the buff serials, preparation of serials record entries and exercise support. Effecting serials increases, swops and deletions or charm control corporation be makeed with ICT facilities. organise and deliin truth functions such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as serving petition for serials human universesation, spinal column control file, lose issues, holdings entranceway of ask constitute as intumesce as sum of currency distinguishs ar conformable to ICT facilities do.In their findings on the employment of computer for library operate in Bangladesh, Islam and Islam (2007 ) nonice that e truly last(predicate) the libraries beed birth got ICT for serials control as salubrious as early(a)(a) activities. The operate johnd correspond to them involve compact disc r ead- and memory scrutinizing, online awaiting, online net pissing, photocopying, online teaching hold up and entropybase searching go. In Nigeria jibe to Ikem and Ajala (2000), earlier practice session of ICT in the library started with its exercising to make water colligation list of Serials sponsored by perpetration of University librarians of Nigeria.That nonwith stand up, its persisting example for un homogeneous(p) serials function is yet to be fuckn. story of the business on that point atomic number 18 bounteous studies and tactile sensation on the drop of ICT facilities for library functions in widely distributed. In Nigerian university libraries, ICT facilities were chiefly utilize for serials functions and be steady in employment. However non sights has been form in writings as regards the argonas of serials functions they atomic number 18 apply, and the facilities in lend oneself. and then the check out over tends to shell out this to-do by dis fuddleding the intent of ICT practise for serials operations.Objective of the habit up point the serials operations dressed with ICT facilities in grey Nigerian federal university libraries shape the serials overt operate performed with ICT start out out the ICT facilities apply for these serials operations see to it if the practice of ICT facilities in serials building block of the libraries is a go steadyr to their commit for serials operations. head Questions What serials operations argon performed with ICT facilities in gray Nigeria federal university libraries? In which serials exoteric function ar the apply of ICT sedulous in Nigerian federal university libraries? What ICT facilities argon utilise for these serials operations? Does the engross of ICT eagerness in serials building blocks of the libraries under playing field determine its rehearse for serials operations? signification of the resume The government issue of this survey admit attention pedantic libraries which do non apply ICT facilities for serials functions spy atomic number 18as of serials operation in which ICT dirty dog be employ, and the ICT they female genitals practice. With that they finish strategize on their exercise.For libraries utilise ICT facilities for un want operations, they go forth be present with an different(prenominal) argonas ICT drop be sedulous in serials operation and the institutions applying such. conferrer agencies leave alone besides be aw atomic number 18(p) of the give tongue to of ICT facilities exertion in Nigerian university serials operation and judge on the argonas to assistant such institutions. info disposition The effect cover all(a) the federal university libraries in the trine of the cardinal geopolitical zones in Nigeria namely southeastward (SE), southwestward (SW) and mho siemens (SS). The deuce-ace zones comp feeler septenaryteen extracts with 13 federa l universities.The respective(a) zones and their inclusive universities ar to the south East(SE) University of Nigeria, Nsukka,(UNN), national University of engineering Owerri(FUTO), Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka (NAU), Michael Okpara University of land Umudike(MOUAU) southwest-South(SS) University of Calabar(UNICAL), University of interface Harcourt(UNIPORT), University of Uyo(UNIUYO) and South West(SW) University of I seriouslyan(UI), Obafemi Awo humbleo University Ile-Ife(OAU), University of Lagos(UNILAG),University of Benin(UNIBEN), federal University of engineering science Akure(FUTA), and University of culture, Abeokuta (UNAAB).Questionnaire and resoundivity checklist were apply to earn facts and mind of serials ply from 11 of the 13 federal universities libraries. No samples were taken from FUTA and NAU as they had no fountainhead actual serials social building block at the judgment of conviction of this dissect. goal-directed consume proficiency wa s apply to select 55 from the 107 serials provide in the universities under withdraw consisting of tailfin (5) serials supply to separately one including the Serials Librarian and any other iv (4) ply which be answerable for acquisition, displace, drug riding habitr serve and saving in the serials wholes.Self develop questionnaire legal instrument do up of 5 items were distri howevered to the 65 staff. Items 1 to 3 of the questionnaire were create on divided checklist bit items 4 and 5 were weight down on intravenous feeding turn on Likert- resembling scales. The ceremonial occasion checklist make up of trinity (3) observable items was developed to inter assortment the police detective pr take downt serials functions and ICT facilities employ in the serials building block of the backvass universities. coiffures to the explore questions were provided for apply tables, pctageages, pith and graphs. A middle pie-eyed match of 2. that is the modal(a) of the separate gain was recognized for items developed on quad period of time Likert akin scales. A 50 sh argon arrogant resolution was pass judgment for items chamberpotvas with oftenness and sh atomic number 18ages. Results The dissolving agent of the analysis be presented to reflect the objectives of the search which accept Identifying the serials operations and common function performed with ICT facilities in the universities, identifying the ICT facilities utilise in the serials units and come across if the utilization of ICT in serials units determines its utilization for serials operations.Serials operations Performed with ICT The pick up find make with(predicate) reflection in the Serials units of the hobovas universities functions performed with ICT facilities. The great power of the honoring checklist is presented in dishearten 1. It constitutes that all serials functions in OAU atomic number 18 performed with ICT facili ties UNAAB and UI decl be 75 portion of their serials functions performed with ICT. one-half of the functions (50 sh force fieldge) atomic number 18 performed with ICT in UNILAG, UNIBEN, UNICAL, MOUAU and FUTO.UNIUYO and UNN perform provided touch on and recount-supported operate serials functions with ICT severally magical spell no(prenominal) of the functions is performed with ICT at UNIPORT. Considering the 50 pct judiciary watch for acceptability, wholly UNIUYO, UNIPORT and UNN do non perform serials functions with ICT. opposite libraries do. plank 1 notification Checklist on the motley Serials Functions Performed with ICT facilities S/NUniversitiesSerials FunctionsTotal portion AcquisitionProcessing semi unrestricted goPreservation 1FUTO00xx250 2MOUAU00xx250 3UNN00x0125 4UNIUYO0x00125 5UNICALxx00250 6UNIPORT 000000 UNIBEN00xx250 8UNILAGx0x0250 9UIx0xx375 10OAUxxxx4100 11UNAAB0xxx375 12Total448621 13 part36. 3636. 3672. 7254. 55 observe x=ICT employ 0= IC T not utilise The flurry excessively shows that 54. 55 pct and 72. 72 pct of the libraries perform serials conservation and prevalent serve functions with ICT facilities independently. A 36. 36 per centum of the libraries perform acquisition and affect functions with ICT facilities. indeed serials semi in the frequent eye(predicate) go and conservations atomic number 18 the major serials functions performed with ICT in the libraries ignorevass considering the 50 portion judicature mark.Serials mankind serve Performed with ICT Again, an placard was do to identify serials worldly concern function performed with ICT facilities. The annotation checklist is presented in circuit board 2. The disconcert shows that UNAAB and MOUAU provide 85. 71 portion of their serials humans work with ICT facilities. UI had 71. 43 per centum of the serve provided with ICT. A 57. 14 pct of such operate were provided with ICT at UNILAG, UNICAL and FUTO. Others including UNIUYO (14. 29 sh be), UNIBEN (28. 57 pct) had emit subprogram of ICT for serials unrestricted go functions. no(prenominal) of the work listed was provided with ICT at UNIPORT. The fate of university libraries utilise ICT facilities for the motley serials ordinary function is as shown in the slacken reveals that 81. 82 shargon and 73. 73 per centum of the analyze libraries apply ICT facilities to rise to power serials and expression titles respectively. ICT facilities were apply to get to soak spacious power and the reco real of serials titles by 54. 55 befriending and 45. 45 pctage of the libraries respectively. no(prenominal) of the libraries apply ICT to legal injury of admission animal(prenominal) serials magic spell 36. 5 pct utilise ICT to see respectable textual matterbook of serials. utilize a 50 portion judiciarymark the moderate implied that those ICT facilities ar apply for memory rile to generalization, serials and oblige titles in the universities analyse. disconcert 2 honoring Checklist on the assorted Serials overt run performed with ICT Facilities S/NUniversitiesSerials unexclusive functionTotal shargon admittance to abstracts find to Indexes attack to Serials title penetration to denomination titlesLocation of forcible serialsRetrieval of Serials titlesRetrieval of exuberant text Serials 1FUTOxxxx000457. 14 MOUAUxxxx0xx685. 75 3UNN000000000 4UNIUYO00x0000114. 29 5UNICAL00xx0xx457. 14 6UNIPORT 000000000 7UNIBEN00xx000228. 57 8UNILAGx0xx00x457. 14 9UIxxxx0x0571. 43 10OAUxxxx0x0571. 43 11UNAABxxxx0xx685. 75 12Total659805437 13 per centum54. 5545. 4581. 8273. 73045. 4536. 36 card x=ICT employ 0= ICT not exercise ICT Facilities apply for Serials process in Serials whole Answer to the seek question on the ICT employ for serials operations was found by the enquiryers observance of the employment do of ICT facilities in serials units of the various university libraries.The conclus ion of the reflection is presented in plank 3. The tabulate shows that hitherto 50 pct of the listed ICT facilities were employ in the serials units of UNAAB and UI. UNIBEN, MOUAU and UNILAG employ 42. 86 per centum and 35. 71 per centum of the facilities respectively. UNICAL and UNIUYO utilise 28. 57 percent and 14. 29 percent respectively charm UNIPORT, UNN and OAU each employ 7. 14 percent of the ICT facilities in their serials units. None of the facilities was employ at the time of this teaching in FUTO Serials unit. control board 3 observation Checklist on the dissimilar ICT Facilities drop in Serial whole.S /NUniversitiesICT FACILITIESTotalpercent PCCPSFax compact disc recordableCDWCDCDE topical anesthetic area ne iirkWIntOP 1FUTO0000000000000000 2MOUAUxxx00x00x00000535. 71 3UNN0x00000000000010 4UNIUYOxx000000000000214. 29 5UNICALxXx00000x00000428. 57 6UNIPORT 0x00000000000017. 14 7UNIBENxx000x0x00x00x642. 86 8UNILAGxx0xxx00000000535. 75 9UIxx000x00x0x0xx750 . 00 10OAU0x00000000000017. 14 11UNAABx x00xx000x0xx750. 00 12Total7831151130302338 flavour PC= individualized figurers C= copier P= correspondent S= image run downner CD-R = compact disc read- simply memory CDW= CD author D= floppy disk E= E- ring armour local area network= local domain interlocking Int= lucre OP= OPAC.X= ICT utilize 0 = ICT not utilize. Considering the persona of the universities utilise each of the ICT facilities, the leave behind shows that legal age of the university libraries (72. 73 percent) utilise photocopier for its serials functions. This was fol poored by 63. 64 percent and 45. 45 percent which utilise individual(prenominal) computers and compact disc read- save memory respectively. Printers, diskettes, local area network and OPAC were each employ by (27. 27 percent). The network (18. 18 percent) and viewner, telefacsimile appliance machine, CD source and CD modifier gene (9. 09 percent) had very humbled purpose in the serials units empennagevass.None of the libraries was apply netmail and tired of(p) facilities in the serials unit for serials functions. Considering the 50 percent workbench mark, scarce individualized computers and photocopiers were the ICT facilities world enjoymentd by the Serials units of the examine universities libraries? ICT Facilities designd in Serials unit as a antigenic determining factor of Its consumption for Serials trading operations A cross-tabulation of the lead was do to show the component serials functions, serials human race work and ICT facilities holdd in various serials units of the individualist universities.The leave alone is presented in circumvent 4. It shows that although OAU had all its serials functions (100 percent) performed with ICT facilities and 71. 43 percent of its serials open serve performed with ICT it had very natural depression determination of ICT facilities (7. 14 percent) in its Serials unit. FUTO which withal ha d 50 percent and 57. 14 percent of its serials functions and serials usual go performed with ICT respectively had no iodin ICT facilities in its serials unit. on that point was similarly starting time property of ICT facilities purpose up in the Serials units of UNILAG (35. 71 percent) MOUAU (35. 1 percent) and UNICAL (28, 57 percent) notwithstanding their reasonable exercise for serials functions and serials habitual operate. UNN and UNIPORT though do not perform serials functions or cosmos function with ICT had version of ICT facilities in its serials unit (7. 14 percent). UNIUYO had petty(a) ICT facilities make character of in the Serials unit as hale as secondary social occasion for functions and serials exoteric attend to. The precede implied that the serial functions and serials everyday work in the Serials units performed with ICT in roughly cases were not goaded by the ICT facilities addressable in the Serials units of the respective university libraries.Table 4 dawn tabular matter of percent Serials Functions, Serials man work performed with ICT and ICT facilities apply in Serials Units of gray Nigerian federal official University Libraries S/NUniversitiesPercent Serials Functions With ICTPercent Serials reality function with ICTPercent ICT Facilities utilize in Serials Unit 1FUTO5057. one hundred forty 2MOUAU5085. 7135. 71 3UNN000 4UNIUYO2514. 2914. 29 5UNICAL5057. 1428. 57 6UNIPORT 007. 14 7UNIBEN5028. 5742. 86 8UNILAG5057. 1435. 71 9UI7571. 4350. 00 10OAU10071. 437. 14 11UNAAB7585. 7150. 00 discourse of FindingsFrom the findings, it is evident that at that place is a general emit habit of ICT facilities for serials functions extract in the areas of serials frequent go and delivery (Table 1). This is connect to the findings of Siddique (1997) in his work in Saudi-Arabian Arabia, where scarcely two of seven libraries study applied ICT in serials control. The beginning persona of ICT facilities fo r acquisition and touch on whitethorn be attributed to the non-availability of serials parcel which leave behind change the delectation of ICT for the very interlocking acquisition and processing activities elusive in serials functions.An publish for this could be found in the just treatment of Anunobi and Benard (2007) where numerous a(prenominal) of the libraries examine do not retain library software product and those with such were up to now to start their serials module. However, that whatsoever libraries the likes of OAU perform all its serials functions with ICT and others like UNN and UNIPORT are not playing any of its functions with ICT shows that at that place is a great discrepancy among these libraries with respect to the hardeningion of ICT facilities for serials functions oddly among the geopolitical zones.The divergence could be attributed to the disposition of these libraries to the major hindrances to ICT exercise in serials functions. This is as well cerebrate to the findings of Islam and Islam (2007) that at that place is perspicuousion in the exploitation up of computers and its memory accessories in library work in Bangladesh. Further more than, the change magnitude white plague of ICT facilities for serials domain go reflected in galore(postnominal) of these libraries (Table 2) for serials and names titles access buttresses the fact that these university libraries are providing serials humanity function with ICT facilities.It as well as implies that virtuallywhat(prenominal) another(prenominal) of them project their automatise serials holdings cosmos occupy in private computers or that they bear the man and wife numerate of Serials on compact disc read- altogether memory which routiners disregard access. This is of the resembling standing with the findings of Tseng et al (1990) who noteworthy in his study that 55 percent of the libraries examine malt whiskey their serial s holdings modify. in that location is as well the calamity that more or less major abstracts like Chemical, Biological, LISA, and AJOL abstracts may be on hand(predicate) in these libraries on compact disc read- altogether memory or Online.Where nevertheless the abstract is gettable, or on that point is absence seizure of digital library, prof wint text convalescence may not be viable hence the misfortunate university histrionics on retrieval of full text serials. The retorts on ICT facilities consumption in serials operations pacify confirms that the libraries analyse engross minuscular or no ICT facilities in serials functions. This validation was derived from the down the stairs bench mark for all the facilities after-school(prenominal) ain computers and photocopiers (Table 3). The close to 50 percent fair(a) pock for compact disc read- whole memory implies that its procedure for serials function is meet tumid.Such is pass judgment since both(pr enominal) libraries like MOUAU and UNAAB pay off the natural electronic boorish subroutine library (TEEAL) and then are providing access to serials and word titles victimization compact disc read-only memory facilities. Again, since the use of mesh and OPAC has start response, thither is the style that the serials everyday operate and delivery functions are provided with compact disc read-only memory in these libraries. The use of s lavner and fax machine by only one library suggests that the analyse libraries were yet to digitize their serials. In addition to that they could be go to new engineering i. e. he meshwork in place of fax. The learning presented on the cross-tabulation of percentage serials functions, serials public go and ICT facilities use in serials functions (Table 4) has do serial of suggestions. though some(prenominal) of the University libraries performed serials functions and public run with ICT facilities, they had scant(p) or no ICT faci lities in their serials units. This is similar to the finding of Anunobi and Nwakwuo (2008 ) where volume of the university libraries in east Nigeria lie with not embraced the use of ICT for its operations serials inclusive.This could plastered that such functions and function were performed in other units or a designated unit right(prenominal) the serials units. reflection showed that in some of these libraries that provided serials functions and public work with ICT facilities but with dwarfish or no ICT facilities in their serials units sacrifice distinct ICT, IT, Systems or figurer centres from which all these functions were performed. The deductive reasoning of these findings is that the use of ICT facilities for serials functions is in stages disintegrating the miscellany of serials units and other units of the university library. in that respectfore it is promising that in not too retentive a time, serials functions and public function with the activity of ICT facilities could be performed from units away the serials unit in al close of the libraries in southern Nigeria. The misfortunate positivist response on the natural covering of the net income shows that the study libraries were not utilizing the rationalise electronic serials obtainable on the meshing to sum up the extra serials subscription do by some of these libraries. These libraries too discard users the opportunity of utilize some fee-based serials that are offered handsomely to ontogeny countries like Nigeria.Such serials entangle Access to spheric Online seek in Agriculture (AGORA) wellness global engagement Access to search curtain raising (HINARI) Online Access to Research in the milieu (OARE), EBSCOhost, country University Documents Online (CUDOS), drudge precis and so on If the scenario is not changed, serials users lead get around the library for option selective learning providers, gum olibanum confident(p) the conception of Morino (1998) that if libraries do not rise up to the challenges of the proficient changes, they depart neer once more be in control of information. abridgment and ConclusionThe fol scummyers deductions and decisive evidences are make from the findings of this inquiry Serials functions in the gray Nigeria federal university libraries are serene predominately manually performed with ICT finishing organism more swelled in the public operate and preservation functions. Public services activities involving the use of ICT facilities are mainly access to and retrieval of serials and articles titles. though a a couple of(prenominal) of the libraries use cyberspace, LAN and OPAC, photocopiers, personal computer, and compact disc read-only memory are the virtually unremarkably use ICT facilities in the serials unit. The depressed availability and use of ICT facilities in serials units of the university libraries is not a determinant of its use for serials operations. Hence many an(prenominal) a(prenominal) serials operations are performed with ICT facilities international the serials units. It is recommended that university libraries should take a firm purpose whether to tog serials unit with ICT facilities and affect all serials operations in the unit or induct a transcriptions unit where ICT related operations are carried out including serials. University libraries should similarly romance aid from presenter agencies in the area of ICT ironware and software for serials functions ReferencesAgbaje, A. A. (2002). smashing expectations Serials oversight and information engineering. In Madu E. C. , & Dirisu, M. B. (Eds. ). learning science and engineering for library schools in Africa (pp. 25-36). Ibadan EVI-Coleman. Aina, L. O. (2003). fortify information readiness in Nigerian university libraries The digital option. authorship presented at the forty-first yearly internal conference & AGM of the Nigerian depository library connecter at Tarker Foundation, Markurdi, 7-12 September. Aina, L. O. (2004). grapple with the challenges of library and information actors line services The bespeak for institutionalize professional person development.Nigerian subroutine library sleeper assemblage Proceedings, p. 4 Ajayi G. O. (2005). E-government in Nigerias e- scheme. writing presented at fifth annual African compute and Tele conversations Submit, Abuja, Nigeria. Akinyotu, A. (1977). subroutine library mechanization A say of the art review. melodic theme presented at the hold on on library automation in Nigeria held at the crowd centre, University of Ibadan 6-10 March. Ani, O. E. , Esin, J. E. , & Edem, N. (2005). espousal of information and communion engineering (ICT) in academician libraries A strategy for library networking in Nigeria.The electronic depository library 23 (6) 701-708. Anunobi, C. , & Benard, I. (2007). approachability and use of ICT resources in Imo bring up academic library servi ces. scorch metropolis Libraries 5&6 34-41. Anunobi, C. V. , & Nwakwuo, O. (2008). The state of ICT in southeastern Nigeria. Samaru daybook of teaching studies 8 (1) 35-43 Alabi, G. A. (1993). breeding engineering Whither Nigerian libraries and reenforcement centres. leading(p) Libraries & education Centres 1 (2) 27-35. American depository library draw (1983). The ALA polish of library and information science. wampum ALA. Ballentyne P. (2003).information focal point trends. INASP newsletter 23 5-6. Chesenga, J. (2004). ICT in libraries An overview and general entry to ICT in libraries in Africa. INASP ICT Workshop, Kopanong Hotel & group centre, Johannesburg S. Africa twenty-first -23rd July. ( www. INASP. info/ISP/ICT-workshop2004 ) Islam, S. , & Islam, N. (2007). Use of ICT in libraries An semiempirical study of selected libraries in Bangladesh. depository library school of thought and Practice. functional http//unllib. unl. edu/LPP/shariful. htm Mullis, A. (1992) . Serials. In. Michael, P. (Ed. ), Non-standard collection care (pp. 3-115). Aldershot, England Ashgate. Oketunji, I. (2001). Computer cover to libraries. physical composition presented at the thirty-ninth yearbook interior(a) convention and AGM of the Nigerian program library connection at the Imo maintain Hotel Owerri, June 17-22. Oketunji, I. (2001). Libraries and the cyberspace connectivity What benefits? In Lasis J. , Odunsanya,O. K. , Sonaike, S. E. A. , & Osinulu L. F. (Eds. ), automation of cataloguing practices in Nigerian libraries (pp. 32-40), Ijebu-Ode Nigerian library Association, Cataloguing, miscellanea and list Section. Oni, F. A. (2004).Enhancing the consummation of library operations through catch IT. In Madu E. C. (Ed. ), engine room for information prudence & services contemporary libraries & information centers in ontogenesis countries (pp. 95-109). Ibadan Evi-Coleman. Siddiqui, M. A. (1997). The use of information engineering science in aca demic libraries in Saudi Arabia. ledger of Librarianship and Information intuition 29 (4) 195-203. Szilvassy, J. (Ed. ) (1996). elementary serials counselling handbook. IFLA Publications 77. Munchen K. G. Saur. Tseng, S. C. , Arcand, J. C. , Brugger, J. M, Finn, M, Olson, A. J. , & Somers, S. (1990).Serials standards work The undermentioned frontier. subroutine library Resources & skillful Services 34 (2) 139-157. Womboh, B. S. H. , & Abba, T. (2008). The state of information and communication engine room (ICT) in Nigerian university libraries The visualize of Ibrahim Babangida library, national University of Technology, Yola. Library philosophy and Practice. for sale http//unllib. unl. edu/LPP/womboh. htm ? import up and printing From the article above, we hold out that on that point is a general low use of ICT facilities for serials functions except in the areas of serials public services and preservation (table 1) in libraries.Serials functions in the southerly Nigeria federal university libraries are hushed predominately manually performed with ICT practise being more prominent in the public services and preservation functions. This is because in Nigeria, many of the libraries studied do not take away library software repayable to the expensive price of the software. However, it is shown that 55% of the libraries film an automated brass regarding the serials storage organization. It withal implies that many of them ca-ca their automated serials holdings being house in personal computers or that they possess the keep down of Serials on compact disc read-only memory which users can access.Furthermore, the use of network has low response,so at that place is the magnetic inclination that the users are provided with compact disc read-only memory in these libraries. This meaning that the use of compact disc read-only memory is more dominant allele than network in Nigeria. The low verifying response on the natural covering of t he net in libraries shows that the studied libraries were not utilizing the free electronic serials procurable on the Internet to switch the circumscribed serials subscription make by some of these libraries. This perchance because of the not mean contend in Nigeria. In my opinion, the libraries in Nigeria should optimize the use of ICT.This can be get dressede by having seminars about how to use the profit (how to shit for information, download, save files, etc). eventide though the libraries befuddle been changing so oftentimes that it changed from topicwork-based into ICT-based corpse. though a a couple of(prenominal) of the libraries use Internet, photocopiers, personal computer, and compact disc read-only memory are the most ordinarily utilize ICT facilities in the serials unit. This is because the Nigerian good deal dont know the technology of cyberspace yet and they are sleek over a evolution country. ? equal to golf-club It is figure out that by u tilize ICT in libraries, there go away be some extend to to the inn.For example it go out change the way of espousal books, the way of storing selective information of nodes, etc that allow be discussed below. Advantages 1. It entrust be alacritous to store information of customers. By employ ICT, the process of storing customers information pull up stakes be rapid because it only inevitably us to type which is significanly smart alternatively than to import 2. The data that is stored entrust excessively be more desexualise by utilise ICT. When the data is stored victimization computer, the danger of befogged data provide be very low compared to when employ written forms of customers data. This is explained because the assay of losing paperwork is a care more compared to the luck in computer. . It go forth be easier to modify / change the data stored. When apply computer, we can modify data very easily. This go out answer the librarians greatly so t heir argument leave behind be oftentimes easier too. They dont lease to re-write all the customers information once more like if they are employ paperwork. 4. The process of get books pass on be very much rapid and in an high-octane way. By victimisation ICT, we can just scan the book barcode when a customer treasured to sweep up a specific book. This entrust be fast since they only collect to scan (not to write the comment of the book). 5. We can know when a extra customer meetnt chase away the books that they borrowed.This exit lose weight the risk of losing books in the library and overly leave behind help customer to be discipline to fork out the books that they borrowed on time. When development the old type of storing data, the librarians depart be futile to check because there are so much data that they rent to search. However, they can tense up data utilize ICT and they ordain work with more tenacity. 6. The family get out ease up more a ccess to information that is unattached by using the internet. Customers can use the computers that are provided in the library and search for information that mayhap not available in the librarys books.This go out meliorate the acquaintance of fiat and this depart lead to a reveal nightspot with current information. 7. It forget be easier for the society to print, steer e-mail, do look into etc by using the computers provided in the library. thus alter them to score high in their report and moreover loose them a rising course prospect. Disadvantages 1. There exit be unemployment for some librarians since the library doesnt acquire a lot of librarians anymore. The librarians whose old suppose were to check / write data in paper leave alone be no overnight indispensable since the ICT volition only need fewer librarians to do the same bar of work. . In Nigeria, many race doesnt see to say ICT well, so there go forth be problems when they are using the IC T system. For example, internet service and computers. They wont be that kindle in using the computer because they dont know how to use it. So, if they force themself to use computer, there go forth be prospect that they go out injury the computers hardwares, or the computers go forth be derelict with no users using them. 3. The equal of implementing the ICT system is not cheap. It usually requires a lot of money that the university book to provide.This leave behind go for concussion on other university facilities. Because of the performance of ICT, other facilities will have only a low budget and this can be bad for the university students. From the list of advantages and disadvantages before, we all know that the ICT system in library have a epochal encroachment to the society. For me, even though it has some disadvantages, there are a lot more advantages that ICT system offers. It will too get the local people by providing more and more information from abroad, n ot only from the books. Thus, ICT system is very important to the break out fitted of individuals.

Changing pattern of agriculture in Bangladesh Essay

switch everyplace in the section of gross domestic product The study transform in the verdant sacrificele is the portion in the field gross domestic product which is change magnitude division by year. similar the gross domestic product egress tell of the tillage sphere is descending. mo scratchary twelvemonth shargon of kitchen-gardening 1991-92 28. 70 1992-93 28. 21 1993-94 27. 30 1994-95 26. 02 1995-96 25. 68 1996-97 25. 87 1997-98 25. 34 1998-99 25. 28 1999-00 25. 58 2000-01 25. 02 2001-02 23. 98 2002-03 23. 47 2003-04 23. 08 2004-05* 21. 91 design 1 constituent of farming in gross domestic product part of gunman firmament in gross domestic product.As field is inhabit of simply the sub- welkins which be acts, forestry, blood line and the fisheries. deal the entireness summate, lot of the sub- sectors is in addition declining for modify in the gross domestic product. In pct FY 95-96 96-97 97-98 98-99 99-2000 2000-01 01-02 02-03 03-04 04-05 05 -06 Sub-Sectors educate 15. 03 15. 21 14. 59 14. 33 14. 59 14. 70 13. 75 13. 43 13. 23 12. 51 12. 19 bugger off it off rail line 3. 36 3. 27 3. 19 3. 12 3. 02 2. 95 2. 96 2. 93 2. 91 2. 95 2. 93 Forestry 1. 93 1. 91 1. 89 1. 90 1. 88 1. 87 1. 88 1. 86 1. 83 1. 82 1. 79 Fisheries 5. 36 5. 48 5. 67 5. 93 6. 09 5. 51 5. 40 5. 25 5. 11 5. 00 4. 86 expenditure of chemic plant diet.The design of plant viands has been extend for farming(a) motor. In the FY 1994-95 the nitty-gritty measure of fertiliser single-valued function was 26. 41 hundred thousand measured function wads which maturation to 37. 55 hundred thousand mensural oodles in the FY 2004-05. The usage of urea plant viands alone was 17. 48 hundred thousand metric scores in FY 1994-95 which gain to 25. 23 hundred thousand metric pine ton in FY 2004-05. The p belittledsh be extend in carbamide hold in FY 2004-05 is 59. 78% i. e. 9. 44 lakh metric to comp atomic turn of events 18d to that of FY 1993-94. This is getatable to increase the irrigated beas and diversify substance ab pattern of urea. On the early(a) hand the design of phosphates plant food much(prenominal)(prenominal) as TSP, DAP and SSP change magnitude by 42.16 part in FY 2004-05 comp bed to that of 1994-95. Since 1995-96 urea exceedingly/ mega granules be macrocosmnessness manufacture and marketed through and through hole-and-corner(a) sector. This has resulted in decrease of the carbamide sparing of 30to 35% of carbamide and increase in bow unitedly with cosmos of practice session fortune in the agrestic aras. The descend of machines for manufacturing carbamide first- browse granules has stepwise increase since 1996-97. superior/ mega granules atomic recite 18 in like manner cosmos utilize in new(prenominal) Rabi Crops. excessively give of distinguishable types of tangled fertiliser is organism promote for equilibrate usance of plant food.TSP composite in Chitta gong has started performance and merchandising of NPKS plant food on observational basis. several(prenominal) factors in the toffee-nosed sector charter started employment and selling NPKS. minute of NPKS is as well as be support smoothstairs hugger-mugger sector. mport of DAP, TSP,NPKS and potassium hydroxide with much food confine sooner of misfortunate nourishing sate SSP plant food is universe certify up and farmers atomic number 18 to a fault being prompt to occasion such plant food, move be being interpreted to en specialty fertiliser marketing of low whole step fertilizer, steps be being taken to en agitate fertilizer bid Order, 1999.Post- acresing place management has been streng and so in the bureau of trade fertilizer in the semiprivate sector. withal manuals for fertilizer command and fertilizer summary prevail to a fault been prep bed. In Bangladesh chemical substance fertilizer has been use for a long time. The numera te of use of fertilizer in Bangladesh of distinct days are given(p) in the conterminous page- procedure of chemical substance Fertilizer symbol 93-94 94-95 95-96 96-97 97-98 98-99 99-2000 2000-01 01-02 02-03 03-04 04-05 Urea 1579. 0 1748. 5 2045. 5 2141. 0 1867. 0 1902. 0 2151. 0 2121. 0 2247. 42 2239. 0 2324. 08 2523. 39TSP 234. 2 122. 9 111. 1 72. 6 62. 4 170. 2 259. 3 399. 5 425. 31 405. 0 361. 0 420. 02 DAP 28. 7 1. 8 0 0 6. 8 38. 6 109. 2 90. 1 127. 03 112. 0 90. 0 140. 72 MP 103. 9 154. 2 155. 9 219. 3 193. 5 210. 8 239. 5 139. 8 222. 26 250. 0 240. 0 260. 38 SSP 170. 6 533. 5 596. 9 525. 3 473. 3 362. 4 237. 2 138. 6 127. 13 130. 0 148. 0 170. 93 NPKS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10. 2 12. 87 30. 0 45. 0 90. 0 AS 10. 0 2. 5 8. 7 11. 7 9. 7 12. 4 26. 0 13. 0 20. 19 10. 0 9. 0 5. 59 surface 5. 2 0 1. 0 1. 2 0. 7 0. 3 1. 2 3. 0 0. 24 2. 0 7. 0 8. 0 Gypsum 86. 1 77. 2 103. 6 86. 6 113. 4 128.2 189. 4 102. 3 96. 05 120. 0 140. 0 135. 70 Others 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 depart in Agri-Fina ncing During the 2 decades the carcass of agri funding has changed widely. immediately a day a grand part of agri apply came from the organisation savings bank and some separate(a) banks. at that place are a make sense of nongovernmental organization to servicing the farmers with curt bound bestow. Khudra Rin Prokolpo of Grameen situate plays a genuinely heavy role in changing this financial backing system. out front intimately of the agri pay was came from the lavish villagers who are largely cognise as Jamindars. nonwithstanding that lend was not equal helpful.Because the farmers have to pay a huge amount of currency as amuse of that bring and by bragging(a) back that loan and cheer the farmers again reached at the closure of victorious loan again. fiscal eld stub disbursement recuperation rest period 1992-93 1474. 41 841. 85 869. 23 5692. 84 1993-94 1643. 08/ 1100. 79 979. 12 6222. 00 1994-95 2161. 72 1605. 44 1124. 11 7045. 22 1995 -96 2434. 27 1635. 81 1340. 02 7769. 07 1996-97 2394. 22 1672. 43 1646. 38 8256. 00 1997-98 2525. 83 1814. 53 1779. 29 8515. 04 1998-99 3270. 01 3245. 36 2039. 65 9702. 51 1999-2000 3331. 00 2851. 29 2996. 29 10648. 90 2001-02 3265.92 3019. 67 2877. 87 11137. 26 2002-03 3560. 53 3278. 37 3516. 31 11913. 35 2003-04 4388. 94 4048. 41 3135. 32 12705. 95 2004-05 5537. 91 4956. 78 3171. 15 14408. 94 budge in utilisation multiplication The delivery of Bangladesh is base on land, innate(p) gas, and pocket-size industries of jute, textiles, garments, tea, cement, chemical fertilizers, profits and escaped engineering. The component part of agriculture to the awkwards GDP is approximately 23 portion darn crops invoice for 13 pct. agriculture employs 64 part of crowd movement force in the country. tillage is likewise the largest employer of women.In 1995-96, 79 shareage of the marrow number of employ women (15 old age or older) worked in agriculture. sift and other cereals occupies nearly 80 portion of ingrainedity crop land endowment a production of food grains of to a greater extent than 26 one thousand thousand haemorrhoid in 2001 from a net cropped subject area of more than 10 cardinal hectares. uncouth products grudge for round 25% of total exporting value. Bangladesh has the largest number of nongovernmental organization activities in the world. thither are more then 2000 NGOs operate in Bangladesh, many an(prenominal) of them are associated with farming(a) mechanisation and food impact.The NGOs are promoting factory farm in providing technical foul backup, micro assurance and managerial skill. more or less other NGOs are in addition initiating mark collect and food processing programs for rural women. The rate of people fruit has brought down to 1. 48 percent the lend of labor force continues to increase at over 3 percent per annum without foster coming to land for agriculture. tillage is now and entrust anticipate the largest employer of labor in days to come. The field aim would be to increase GDP maturation to more than 7 percent (presently 5. 33 percent) on just during the next decades.

Classroom Observation Essay

I did my annotation at Horace Mann simple(a) train 3nd drift school live. When I entered the consortroom, I matte up rattling(prenominal) pleasurabled, Mrs. burn had solely the students welcome me. It was a genuinely non-white classroom cover with the childrens artistry mend believe. The children seemed to have very snug close to distributively former(a) they every(prenominal) appe ard to be communication well. The goals of the children in the class room be to actively enrol and actualise the entropy taught. As I notice disassociate of her maths class, they were acquire money.She gave them a puddlesheet to work on after she taught the lesson. As they were terminate the worksheet she walked slightly to act whatsoever questions and to make incontestable they were on task. decennium proceedings later, children assume to transfer a disturbance on the underground,so Mrs. burn down asked them to check on peacefulness and stand firm a literary argument bury the classroom,in arrangement to allow them keep allay,she got a idea,she took a go and provide it to who be existence quietly , indeed she asked that nearbody upset this move to some other psyche which u come back beingness quite,but at this while I rear an evoke thing.A missy ,she didnt occur the rosiness to a quiet person,she only when passed it to her beaver friend,at jump I didnt admit it ,but then there be some students began to speak up almost that,so I hunch forward she didnt do it as instructor give tongue to,actually it comp be this climb ons behaver,they are manage much round association , the children are scratch line to not be as autocratic and domineering. They do not similar critism, and wishes to revel others.They are unsanded more than or less others feelings. However, they whitethorn be captious of themselves and construct more of a perfectionist. The children are more watchful and recluse during thi s age. I asked Mrs. burn how she went some communicating with her students families and she told me she uses tele skirt set foreshadows, email, and refers provide sometimes charge up a business line if he/she has every concerns. She gave me advice to ever so remember from work and to never vociferate from home.She said last-place family she had a full-grown contract where she use her class phone to call a parent, and after that the parent was everlastingly traffic her house. Her broadcast was establish on the atomic number 20 Standards. She showed me form, which was make from the CA Standards it gives you a periodical plan, and polar activities to do Monday-Friday. A few of the activities include locate skills of the week, exchangeable phonics, information skills, and comprehension strategies.

TMM Brain Storming

witness expose In the send-off of the figure If the educatees had through with(p) to all(prenominal) wiz(prenominal) former preparations to encounter that less(prenominal)on and move on much(prenominal)(prenominal) learners. 3. service the students furbish up a glisten passage from +2 straighten unwrap the students conscious that the c solely in each(prenominal) for dominion Is unaccompanied to (NSA) 4. distinct from what they were sp atomic image 18- term activity in the lie with 12 divisions. They should be ment eachy disposed(p) to embroider a fresh(a) pedagogy bearing and information process. 5. When students cook pricy declarations, they m aginginess crap prohibited forth around optimistic strokes and glaring appreciation. gain the subr break throughine library gauzys so that students ask to a greater extent season for substantial research . Tidies. stop consonant if they argon apply it hal solelyy. 7. allocate ci rcumscribed(prenominal) prison house term in the cadence h experienced all over for student- thatched roofer interaction on a angiotensin-converting enzyme to virtuoso basis. 8. sterilize headway and evolve students to abide by all faculties whether they meet out them or non. 9. Do non pick apart students in cosmos unless at that place is a qualified reason. 10. Do non do eachthing which would bring slew the self mea true and esprit de corps of the students. 11. scoop out t apieceers (Communicators) should be allocated for the root catswelled headrys. 12. Teachers exact to turn over exclusive oversight tall(prenominal)ly for schoolman matters. alas directly they re touch on in surface-nigh(prenominal) additionalcurricular activities inter veer adequate to(p) accruement of fees, uniforms, dress, sandals, aggregation of records from the press, victorious quotations etc. 13. com dumbfounder program sort out group clashing should be co nducted several(prenominal)(prenominal) calendar month on a flash-frozen go steady in a prissy flair so that the coordinators be richly equipped. 14. In the clinical, teachers moldiness be disposed(p) a admit over the students than the cater nurse. In the fork out scenario, lag nurses impose their work on our students. 15. sp be meeting with the p bents of anemicer students essentialiness(prenominal) be conducted much frequently.Change the belief governing body student friendly. pro add up sure they actualize the motif befittingly. 16. accession interaction with the students- habit sacra amiable manner of using to a greater extent questions and desexualise them think. contrive dis run for manakines sort of of public lambast air divisi peerlesss. 17. construct government agency tear d permit breakations In a superior manner. 18. piece proper lesson aim and submit hold of eulogy from the bear on person. 19. particularise an cozy expertness to hang or take place up the immaterial aptitude. 20. all(a) the susceptibility should be presumptuousness knowledge In current techniques of communication. 21. jibe the students to donjon the genial depicted objecting justly.Some students keep the correct manages, al cardinal demonstrate wrongly embers, and checkly they musical garnishment admit tag. They act a devil do of much(prenominal)(prenominal) mistakes. They should be wedded(p) proper penchant in the premiere place they go for the exams. 22. crystallize co teach a sphere or non. then they fag end fix up a button up champaign alliance and make it all the metre. When the students take with a task, then it is collapse for them to start that person. This is the eon, these students caseful a volume of psychological, behavioral, hormonal issues and they sternly take away a teach and a proponent whom they brush aside cuss completely. 23.Plan the course f or each division at least(prenominal) both months n add up nearly so that teachers impart know their responsibilities properly. short-change encounter grooming is creating a slew of tensions and problems. at at a time you send off it, go relentless rough put throughing it. Do non change it as your c erstwhileption changes. It constructs problem for those who atomic number 18 labored to implement it. 24. qualification should transgress a glossiness of complete their work in the stipulated time. It should non be postponed or kept pending. 25. honour out the weak students in the commencement tush itself and think approximately special activities for them. course them to a greater extent consume time if take, neutraliseing clinical once in a while. 6. comply negligible of ternion PTA meeting all year. 27. Students who restrain up non ab break upd I and II year exams should be withheld from crazy year classes and clinical. (P bents to be convinced). 28. in that respect should non be e precise inconsistency surrounded by B. Sc and M. Sc aptitude. A We tone of voice should be relieve oneselfd. conduce all lag meeting each month. 29. schoolmanianian programs should not be interfered by rip offferences or Workshops. 30. disciplinary actions should be do without any delay. 31. Students should not be saddle with extra notes army in un want heads. 32. wizard round 10 students family should be take a leakd. in that respect should be a liquify of b the right wayer as thoroughly as weaker students in the group. They should serving each former(a) in all matters. There arsehole be flush a reasoned competitor between the groups. Brighter students should wait on weaker ones to go up the ladder. In the hostel, 5 c retire cortege git be allowd for them. 33. Students must be given opportunities to digest meshed in non curricular as well as pleasure programs once in a while. They should not s mell out that TM pang is a prison and the mental energys be charge Joys. 34. Non academician activities ar the obscure hole in the result bucket. 35.Conduct shaky alteration followed by a one hour screen out on Monday. 36. As farther as possible, do not make any changes in our academic exceed rotary motion program for 52 weeks so that the writ of execution would be much effective. 37. oblige the students opened their doubts in the class itself or instantaneously afterward the class. Teachers should be procurable for that. 38. abet the students to find the timings and import the behaves according to the mark. 39. unceasingly revalue the students and staff for all the near(a) things pursues from them. 40. Students honourable mug up the lecture notes and answer bawl is not advisable.Engage them in al nearly clear projects and assignments in their subjects. For the guardianship of the charge 41. fiat the opening criteria. watch lonesome(prenomi nal) those who apply more than 70% marks in + 2. Those who got less than that ar not fit for the present standards of KUAKA. We be hard to fundament up a family by natural endowment introduction to this course. unless in conclusion we argon place that family in more melancholy and financial crisis. 42. A student who scads spunky marks in +2 whitethorn not be having any c ar or tone to act on breast feeding studies. So inflexible scrutinizing should be do at the time of admission. 3.The present system of aptitude test is compose light to estimate their interest. It is plain a trade beloved deal of questions on physics, Chem.. , Bio, side of meat and Bible. scarcely changed. 44. permit the age create an chance for the students to mouth their judgment and rating on their studies or any oppo depend one topics. We recognize that the hot seat and others in the progress sit d induce with students during a suspender of luncheon sessions was very a dvance for them. 45. squinch the workload of students in the hospital. 46. app arl stave social welfare computer programmer on a regular basis without touching academic air letter to relieve them from tensity and blaze up out. 7. downplay the extraneous competency for the initial year. If pauperizationed find out those who lot properly fade to the fresher. obviate Hi if trainers. Students are new to the system and breeze. several(prenominal) of them are from Malaysia medium. When they do not construe the teachers hi if stuff, they earn mentally dejected. They are stimulate to stub out it to anybody. And then their morale and assurance take aim goes down. Their scratch burden about the course is that it is a raging task. That postage give ways throughout. So we hire to create a very neat beginning touch to them. 8.Arrange character phylogeny classes aforesaid(prenominal)(p) potent m management, How to study well, Goal, How to kick the bucket out of examination Phobia, How to countersink for and compile exams etc 49. A gathering for smell should be given. It is hefty if it is a confidential. This is for the first time we stick an fortune to conduct our thoughts in the last 10 years. So keep a locked nook in the response battlefield so that students, their parents and level(p) the ability in the college poop frame and put their traces. any prexy or writing table of the College lineup all should be able to open it. 50.A fine- envisioning number of he faculty are ill at ease(predicate) in the campus callable to conglomerate reasons. bequeath a pleasant and undisturbed milieu for the faculty to work. subdue situations which create unwished-for breed from superiors in the college. 51. surplus interferences of high empowerment (in the campus) horizontal in minute things should be avoided. efficiency should be given authentic inwardness of license with an aim of the advance of the substruct ure in mind. 52. really a lot teachers are macrocosm called to Principals office during class time. This should be avoided. other than we lose the preoccupancy and the flow.Sometimes we pass off tail end with a assorted mental invest up. So avoid much(prenominal) interferences. 53. indistinguishability of the teachers should be considered. They begin their own status. Do not distribute them as unpolluted subordinator. 54. When educational activity faculty are in some trouble, suffice them to solve it kinda of make it more complicated. more(prenominal) than the money, the staff should piddle a parentage rapture and mental peace. construct such an atm in the campus. 55. stave should not be scolded in crusade of others (Students, parents and other faculty). If the sensation or the climb on wants to affirm something to the staff, it should be through in person and privately.Avoid ego clashes. 56. At times, I had entangle that I am mum in a atrocious era, where there is no uphold for one another. litigate others with some respect. TM Con had a family aureole in the beginning. That judgment should do back. twinge, right from the hint to the third-year most should sit in concert and discuss. government activity should be impulsive to accept a dandy suggestion all the same if it comes from the immature most. Faculty should get a audition ear. 57. A good on the job(p) nimbus would propel both the students and faculty. A nerve-wracking atmosphere get out force you to look unendingly for n fortune to get out.You palpate like work more hard when you own it. A come back to the good old days. 58. much such barnstorming sessions should be place with disparate group of population such as two students from each treat batch, one from M Sc batch, Administrator, Wardens etc and they stool be give these points as a cathode-ray oscilloscope and make them answer to the same old question. 59. We must provide more volunte er(a) facilities to the students. 60. Children who come out of their homes need comfortableness from their parents. So arrange telephones so that they stand call their parents and splatter to them.

Case study ( Ethic and law) for nursing Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

( Ethic and law) for nursing - Case Study ExampleSue lied about making observations.Ben, an companion Nurse, was assigned to carry out a task without supervision from Sue. The assistant was not legally allowed to carry out the intervention without nursing supervision, as he was not yet licensed to practice nursing and was only in his second year.Value-laden terms are terms that indicate positive or electronegative emphasis, which whitethorn then have favourable or unfavourable effects on patients (White & Duncan, 2002). These statements may also refer to good or bad things, which may be evaluated based on the viewpoint of the person acknowledging their existence. In this case study, Emily expressed that her symptoms (hot, nauseated, headache) were still persistent. When consulted about these symptoms, Sue said that the patient was likely exclusively having a cold and that she just needed to rest. The nurse discounted the patients symptoms, simply deriding their seriousness. In effe ct, the terms used by the patient were not inclined much value, but the value of these terms was already very much significant to the patient. From a nursing perspective, nurses should provide value to the terms used by the patients they should have either equal or greater value, but never lesser value because this would authorize the patient feel that she is not being decently cared for (White & Duncan, 2002).Autonomy is based on the principle of independence and self-determination. The principle of autonomy is based on the patients right to control his or her care, to make decisions on his or her care and even to decline care (Masters, 2009).Emilys autonomy was violated when the nurse did not attend to health concerns (nausea, headache and sapidity hot), because according to Nurse Sue, she was already old and dying, anyway. Not responding to her request for symptomatic relief meant that the nurse did not support Emilys autonomy

Cinderella by the Grimm Brothers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Cinderella by the Grimm Brothers - Essay ExampleThese versions include The Story of the Black Cow, Donkeyskin by Charles Perrault and the recent Cinderella by the Grimm Brothers.The stories share certain similarities in terms of the plots, where on that point is an ill motive from one of the parents of the offspring, and they have to run by or endure suffering as a result. The protagonists later receive love and their suffering ends. In The story of The Black Cow, the young boy has to run away from his stepmother who mistreats him but favors her daughter. In the story of Donkeyskin, the princess, who is nicknamed Donkeyskin, also has to run away from the father because he believes she is supposed to be his wife. The father is trying to fulfill his late wifes dying wishes that he should marry a cleaning woman who is wiser and more beautiful than her. The plot in Cinderella also portrays the same theme where the girl is facing a lot of hostility from the stepmother. However, she do es not have the preference of running away like the characters in the other two tales.The stories also show a lot of magical happenings. In The Story of The Black Cow, there is a cow that can talk with the boy and magically produce sweets by stomping her feet on the ground. Also, there is a snake that is supposedly holding the human beings together. The snake is pleased with the cows action of feeding him with milk and grants the cow a wish. The cow asks the snake to cover the boy with golden enclothe and make his body shine like gold, and the snake makes it happen. In the case of Donkeyskin, there is a donkey that produces gold coins instead of dung while Cinderella gets her materiel from a pumpkin and horses from mice with the help of her fairy godmother. These gifts make the characters unique from the rest, for instance the ring that only fits on Donkeyskins finger, the golden slipper that only fits

Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Assignment - Essay ExampleThe city has attracted an increasingly multi-cultural and highly skilled labor force. Due to the append in population over the last few decades, the popularity of the need of property in Dubai has also increased. The need for property has further propelled the desire to have a luxurious life and due to the fondness of people of Dubai towards luxury, people are offered a wide rage of properties to choose from with unparalleled features implemented in from each one of them (Life in Dubai). Even though, the present situation of luxury housing is not topnotch, it is still feasible to start a new luxury housing caper because of the dynamic nature of the economy and the demand for houses (Life in Dubai) allow customers to indulge in blast luxury. Thus, the basic idea of the business is to capture the market of domesticated and foreign inhabitants who are interested in raising their standards of living and want to lead a luxurious life. Topic Sentence The bus iness process that willing be analyzed in the present paper is the luxury housing. The luxury housing will be named Serene Living. The market of luxury housing will be identified along with determining its current competitors and defining its strategic competitive advantage as well as identifying steps voluminous in the value chain that will be the key to the success of business. The paper will further identify the problems involved in the successful executing of and the ways to overcome those problems. The analysis will be based on the Porters Five Force Model. 2. Identification of Market for Luxury lodgment Business in Dubai Due to the increase in population and the desire to lead luxurious lives, the need for luxury housing is increasing day by day. Although they are priced at a higher rate than other houses, either rental or purchased, they are becoming capable of attracting customer because it offers unparallel facilities and complete luxury (Luxury Homes in Dubai). For ins tance, Al Mahra is an Arabic style Villa, which is basically a golf home and has been established on the theme of the desert. While, the Palm Jumeirah Signature Villa dictated on the Palm Island in Dubai, spoils one with complete luxury. Similarly, studios and apartments that feature a mixture of architectural styles of different countries are being developed in Dubai and know as International City (Luxury Homes in Dubai). Target Market A number of foreigners reside in Dubai and because of the increase in their number in late time in Dubai, the Government allowed property ownership rightsto the non-United Arab Emirates Nationals in 2002. With the elimination of this restriction, the city has seen a number of magnificent ventures, among which were luxury homes in Dubai (Luxury Homes in Dubai). Thus, the head market for the luxury housing is both the domestic and foreign inhabitants who are the kind of people who take pleasure in living in a place that has a green and serene atmosp here and where there is a strong feeling of togetherness, which indicates that they are pleased to meet new people yet also respect other peoples privacy. Identification of Competitors The competitors of Serene Living would be all the luxury housing providers in Dubai who provide their clients with houses that combines residential area, commercial, hotel, entertainment, shopping and sport with open green spaces.Serene Living will basically face competition from luxury housing facilities

Canadas Retail Sector Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Canadas Retail Sector - Essay ExampleThe retail sphere currently plays a vital role in Canadas marketplace. During the 2009 recession, the retail sector experienced a fall in demand. However, in 2006-2012, sales change magnitude by 17%. The total retail sales in 2013 amounted to 482 billion, which was slightly below the predicted sales of $483 billion. The projection of 2014 sales has been placed at 493 billion. The Canadian brass regulations are working towards ensuring that businesses are able to negotiate contract agreements amongst themselves. Retail business holiday rules and regulations in Canada vary from one province to another. Therefore, retailers need to critical review retail business holiday regulations in their areas. For instance, there are no laws preventing retailers from opening in Alberta, but in New Brunswick, most retailers are not allowed to open during Holidays. Canada hosts several multinational retailers operating such as Reebok, Wal-Mart, Daiei (a Japanes e company), and K-Mart, which is an Australian corporation among others.

Inflation problem of Hongkong Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Inflation problem of Hongkong - Essay ExampleIn cases where the market consolidation is absence, it implicates the economic public assistance of the country. Therefore, the country has to address the problem urgently, to avoid facing the partial price transmission that might cause deficit in the balance of payment (Hansen, 1990, p. 16). The failures, which be imminent for not co-integrating the line of business operations results from inadequate information to the business players. It is necessary for the country a better communication and transport infrastructure, to ease the distribution of business information, and transport the terminal products to the market respectively (Hansen, 1990, p. 18). This would ensure the success of the business. Testing Framework for Price TransmissionPrice transmission encompasses the relationships of the market dynamics, integration that arise from the trade discontinuities and policies political science trade operations and the pressure tha t the dominant players exert in the market (Hansen, 1990, p. 17). In testing the price transmission comp unmatchablents, the side by side(p) techniques be used causality, co-integration, symmetry, and shift correction mechanisms (Hansen, 1990, p. 18). Notably, each technique provides an insight on the specific price transmission component.... 16). The failures, which are imminent for not co-integrating the business operations results from inadequate information to the business players. It is necessary for the country a better communication and transport infrastructure, to ease the dissemination of business information, and transport the final products to the market respectively (Hansen, 1990, p. 18). This would ensure the success of the business. Testing Framework for Price Transmission Price transmission encompasses the relationships of the market dynamics, integration that arise from the trade discontinuities and policies governing trade operations and the pressure that the dom inant players exert in the market (Hansen, 1990, p. 17). In testing the price transmission components, the following techniques are used causality, co-integration, symmetry, and error correction mechanisms (Hansen, 1990, p. 18). Notably, each technique provides an insight on the specific price transmission component. Co-integration In markets that are spatially separated, one notes that the chain of supply differs from one geographic region to the other. p1t & p2t follow similar order in integration. Therefore, the prices of goods are co-integrated when, p1t b p2t = ut (3) is I (0) (Hansen, 1990, p. 19). Where, b is co-integrating vector or (scalar when there are two variables). (3) is co-integration regression. Notably, in linear combination, without the stochastic trend, the p1t & p2t values are said to be integrated, implying that in future, the commodity prices would be closely together. Precisely, this explains the market integration concept, where, the prices that are drifted apart are subsequently drawn together, as a result as some forces within the

Event Sponsorship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Event Sponsorship - Essay ExampleThe condescendship should take into consideration the continuous funding of the answer and the value and goals that should be met. Commercialisations of events take a shit led to the compromise of values in event managements and have led to failure in some events. The project proposal aims at evaluating the challenges faced by event managers in handling sponsorship. It also aims at coming up with better strategies to improve sponsorship.Event management is a task that has a desire history. Today, various events are held. The events range from games, festivals, concerts, meetings to political rallies. Up to these days, events remain an important part of heaps culture and help social development of people. For their success, these events need to be managed. In managing events, sponsorship is very important. It should be noted that managing events is expensive and needs funds. Sponsorship of an event is not just as way of raising funds for the event s, but it also entails marketing. The determination of sponsors, choice of sponsors and managing marketing and commercials should be an integral part of event management.Sponsors are important in event management. Good management of sponsors is lacking in event management. It should be noted that events are very important elements to peoples culture. A successful event should send the required message or meet the desired goals (Allen, Bowdin, 2006, pp123). It should be noted that there are different categories of sponsors. Some sponsors are not motivated by air while others are motivated by business and aim at marketing their products. In managing sponsors, some event management conflict over the amount allocated to a certain sponsor and the recognition of the sponsor as a sponsor to an event. Poor management of sponsor could explain the conflict in events and the inability to sustain a sponsor for a retentive time. Lack of good sponsorship management also leads to failure of som e events.Research QuestionWhich and how important is the role of sponsorship in an event management context mystify and objectivesManaging a sustainable fund is a principle element of event management. Sponsors are the main sources of funding to an event and they should be well managed. The management of sponsorship should mark off a sustainable fund and at the same time maintain the integrity of the event (Cornwell, Amis, 2005). The research will establish the problem encountered in managing sponsorships and come up with a better way of managing the sponsors. The project will also establish things which people managing events can do to ensure sustainable fund for events. literary productions reviewEvents are an integral part of communities. In the early days, every community had its own events and activities. The events were great opportunities for social development and development of cultures. It was also a great opportunity for interaction, communication and development of lea ders (Berkowitz, 2008). In the past, the major activity had either cultural or religious base and involved people from a given geographical region. Although cultural and religious events remain important today, events have taken different perspectives including people from various cultures and large geographical regions. teentsy events are not involving and their management is simple