Hatian Revolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Hatian Revolution - Essay Example The army had fought great wars against the armies of Britain, Spain and France, defeating them all in a span of thirteen years. Like the American independence war and the French revolution several decades earlier, Haiti revolution had its basis on the principal of self-rule and termination of cruelty from white masters. The American war of independence was against subjugation by colonialists, with proponents claiming that no country was superior to the other. The principal concern was lack of representation in governments while the Americans were paying taxes to their German and Britain colonists, a practice that amounted to subjugation of their rights. The French revolution on the other hand was an extension of the self-rule principle from nation state relations to the domestic spheres. Their basic tenet was that all citizens in a state were superior to the state itself and that no man was superior to the other. Whereas these two revolutions form the basis for freedom fights, they b oth centred on rights and freedoms of white men only and did not extent to non-whites or to women. Ironically, the Haiti revolution was against slavery and misrule by French and American among other white countries including Spain and Britain. With large farmlands and other economic activities in their colonies, white rulers mistreated local residents and black slaves whom they forced to work under very demeaning conditions (Sara 45). Once a free independent nation, the urge to avenge against the French colonialists drove the new government under the rule of Dessalines to order a total elimination of all white French settlers on the island under the pretext that they posed security risk to the young nation. This venture spared Americans and other foreigners, but led to extermination of thousands of white Frenchmen, women and children. The extend of Dessalines’s ire towards former French settlers surfaced in his â€Å"liberty or death† proclamation where he described wh ite Frenchmen as insatiate blood suckers who had fattened themselves with the hard toils of Haitians. Dessalines destroyed a considerable size of the island’s population in unleashing revenge on the remaining white French settlers. Population estimates indicate that a third to half of the population had died or fled the island over the thirteen years of war while over a hundred thousand were permanently disabled (Sara 33). The revolution period also saw sugarcane plantations, mills, and irrigation works destroyed, burned out or abandoned. The large standing army also kept productive men out of the fields. Dessalines declaration that no Haitian soldier could work on the fields left the fields short of close to forty thousand productive workers. Further, after thirteen years of fighting, the habit of hard work had diminished among the Haitian population. Women who had previously worked as slaves on the field continued to fill that role after independence, contributing essential ly the bulk of Haiti’s productivity, since they constituted over two thirds of the population (Leyburn 77). They however too abandoned this form of manual labour, taking up small scale trading instead. Without devoted and willing labourers on the fields, Haiti’s productivity took a serious dip down the drain. It is estimated that between 1789 and 1801 sugarcane production declined by 80%, while coffee production declined to 30% compared to production before the revolution begun. With this kind of decline in major economic production sectors, the viability of the nation and its economic future were in great peril. Realising the need to improve the island’

Cause & Effect Essay over Crisis in America's Social Security System

Cause & Effect over Crisis in America's Social Security System - Essay Example The situation facing the social security is pretty clear. It has enough income to last for about thirty years, and it does not seem that it will be running out anytime soon. The program was created to provide benefits to the retired and old age people, and the benefits were said to rise with the growing increase in wages of the people. The fact that the economy is producing more than enough funds to offer an increasing standard of living for the future generations, while also honoring its commitment to the Social Security, comes as a shock to some people. As a matter of fact, the only threat that the social security is facing is from the politicians who are trying to ‘alter’ the system and bring drastic changes by faking a crisis. (The introduction to The changes that Bush wanted to bring would have actually put the Social Security System in crisis. His privatization plan would have half ruled half of the Social Security funds into private accounts. This would have made the Social Security dependent on the Trust Funds, which would have emptied the Trust Funds twenty years sooner, and as a result payments to the people would have reduced by seventy percent. This would have created a real crisis. The Social Security Trust Fund has been in operation for about seventy years. There was a much worse crisis in 1983. The Trust Fund was about to drain then, but the problem as brought under control, and it worked for over fifty years. The Social Security system has been altered a few times, to keep it stable. Even if the government just sits idle and does nothing, then the Trust Fund is said to run out in 2035. But even then the Social Security would not be broke. So the so called crisis said to have occurred, is not much of a threat. The Social Security is well established and is said to run effectively for the next many years. If it is threatened by anything, it is the ‘reforms’ of the politicians and their attacks on then system. Their

Impact and Implications of International Trade Agreements

Impact and Implications of International Trade Agreements It also requires from its signatories to extend most-favoured-nation (MFN) status to other trading partners participating in the WTO. MFN status means that each WTO member receives the same tariff treatment for its goods in foreign markets as that extended to the â€Å"most-favoured† country competing in the same market, and in consequence eliminating any possible preferences or discriminatory activities. In 1995 the GATT became the World Trade Organization (WTO), which now encompasses more than 140 member countries, oversees four important international trade agreements: the GATT, the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), and agreement on trade-related intellectual property rights and trade-related investment, which are called respectively TRIPS and TRIMS. Furthermore, GATT permits the formation of free trade areas and customs unions among WTO members. Free trade areas are characterized by elimination of all of tariffs on trade with each of the member countries, with simultaneously remaining autonomous in terms of determining their tariffs with non-members. One of the examples for such an area is included in the objectives of European Free Trade Association (EFTA), which is composed primarily of Scandinavian countries. A customs union constitutes a group of countries that eliminate all tariffs on trade among themselves but maintain a common external tariff on trade with countries outside the union. A good example of a formation of a customs union was the European Economic Community (EC) that came into force with the Treaty of Rome signed in 1957 by France, Germany, Italy and the Benelux. The Treaty provided for the establishment of a common market, a customs union and common policies[1]. Nowadays it is known as the European Union (EU), it includes twenty-seven European countries and it has gone beyond simply reducing barriers to trade among member states and forming a customs union. EU has achieved its greater economic integration by becoming a common market, which coordinates and harmonizes each country’s tax, industrial and agricultural policies. Many members have also formed a single currency area by replacing their domestic currencies with the euro. Nevertheless, many trade agreements not including duty reduction schemes are later on completed with the objective to arrange an FTA in the future. In cases of agreements including non WTO members, it is usually specified in the agreement that MFN rates will (continue to) be applied. Among many agreements without duty reduction schemes we can enumerate, for instance, the already mentioned Bilateral Investment Agreement (BIT), which set forth actionable standards of conduct that applies to the nation’s government in their treatment of foreign investors, including i.a. fair and equitable treatment, protection from expropriation and free transfer of means with full protection and security[2]. The amount of signed BIT’s has been constantly increasing, since 1990s from 446 signed agreements to over 2500 active BITs in 2007, according to United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)[3]. To other agreements without duty reduction schemes we can include Foreign In vestment and Protection Agreements (FIPA), Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA), Trade and Investment Framework Agreement (TIFA), Economic Framework Agreement, or Partnership Cooperation Agreement. The growing trend of signing international trade agreements is irreversible in any region of the globe, and is becoming a dominant factor influencing immensely all of the international economic relations nowadays. The more of them are signed, the more urgent the need to assess their actual impact. Thus, it is crucial to correctly evaluate the potential impact of the agreements, especially during theirs negotiation phase. In the recent years there has been a large demand for impact assessment studies of trade agreements, both before and after negotiations. Conducting solid studies concerning their impact is considered to be particularly important for developing countries, because they need to adjust their policies in a way to diminish or completely avoid the possible negative effects and maximize potential benefits. Nevertheless, accurate impact assessment methodology it is not easy from the technical point of view, mainly because of the lack of economic theories which specialize in d eveloping countries. Thus, due to insufficient appropriate knowledge and support, it is difficult for the governments of developing countries to conduct a relevant policy from the economic studies[4]. Furthermore, in conducting an impact assessment analysis of the International Trade agreements it is important to be able to evaluate all of the potential gains, difficulties and implications. Economic theory since the middle of the 18th century has implied numerous advantages in lowering tariffs for most parties in most situations, and economists view the commitment to trade liberalisation as a welfare-maximizing pursuit. The main gain from trade was considered to derive from specialization on the basis of comparative advantage. Income is considered to be growing more rapidly in countries open to international trade than in those more closed to trade. This phenomenon is dramatically illustrated in China’s rapid growth after 1978, and India’s after 1991. These dates indicating when major trade reforms took place in those countries[5]. However we have to keep in mind, that although trade liberalisation in the form of international trade agreements may contribute to the overall national welfare, it is also responsible for disruptive consequences within societies by producing losers and gainers, such as import-competing industries and consumers respectively. Besides economic gains and losses, trade agreements also provide important political outcomes to the parties involved, as a consequence of facilitated international cooperation, institutionalized rules of reciprocity, monitoring and enforcement. It is especially important in terms of conducting impact assessment analyses of trade agreements for developing countries as I have previously written, for which they constitute an important institutional context within which they can build up their coalitions and improve their bargaining position in the global market. Moreover, developing countries prefer more defined rules and greater enforcement capacity. The main reason for this is the fear of marginalization or peripherality, namely the inability of developing countries to take advantage of trade liberalisation and emerging as full players in the international system[6]. Due to their international as well as domestic weaknesses, usually caused by their colonial past, these countries are more of the rule-takers rather than agenda-setters. As an illustration, countries like Brazil and India despite taking part in many negotiations they have repeatedly complained about their concerns being disregarded. The same applies to smaller d eveloping countries which have found it difficult to even take part in key decision making meetings. In addition, there even exist a phenomenon called â€Å"Third World Schizophrenia†, which was used by Mohammed Ayoob in his article â€Å"The Third World in the System of States: Acute Schizophrenia or Growing Pains?†[7] It illustrates the behaviour of developing countries trying to bring about systemic changes and aiming at adjusting to an international order, but as a result of their vulnerabilities and their past they also have the incentive to preserve the existing system of rules that ensures their very survival. As a consequence of these two pressures, decision-making centres of these countries are faced with conflicting demands, and thus this situation is referred to either as schizophrenic, or similar to the growing pains of adolescence. International trade agreements and the liberalisation process that follows them, besides being economically beneficial, it is also very often politically feasible. Due to the fact that some countries are legally binded by multilateral trade organizations and agreements, their lack of commitment may have punitive consequences of various types, depending on the nature of the agreement and its enforcement mechanism. Thus, governments tend to hide behind the possible consequences of lack of obedience that could range from the international disapproval to compensation of all the costs incurred as a result of this country’s actions. By claiming that their international commitments bind them to act freely, they are able to justify especially unpopular actions that are supposed to have longer-term benefits, and not solely in trade manners. This is why many of the programmes of economic and restructuralization reforms from the 1980s and 1990s, in particular those involving both controv ersial and possible distributive consequences for the society, were hidden in the shadow of international economic agreements and organizations[8]. Thus, it comes as no surprise that historically, countries have been reluctant to reduce trade barriers and enthusiastic to raise them, even though the classical trade theory states that gains from trade accrue to any country that lowers their trade barriers, irrespectively of what other countries do. Despite this promise of economic benefits coming from free trade, many states have chosen the path of protectionism throughout history. An example can be found in the case of the Great Depression period, when following the stock market crash of 1929, the US Congress adopted the Smoot Hawley Tariff Act in 1930 that raised US tariffs to an average of nearly 60% interest[9]. Explanation of this behaviour comes from the economic theory and the notion of â€Å"optimal tariff†, which tells us that it may be in the interest of a large economy to restrict trade at a certain â€Å"optimal† level, as it will be a change of the terms of trade in its favour. This obviously does not apply to small economies, for which liberalisation of trade or lack of it may bring different results, conditioned by many economic, political and social factors. For large economies this situation looks different, thus the optimal tariff may appear as a good solution to some of them. However, is it really an efficient one? The interpretation of this problem in terms of the game theory would imply that even though it is in each country’s interest to impose restrictions, the outcome of such action might be inefficient, especially in the long-term calculation. Once one large country will impose restrictions, the other might as well follow this behaviour, which would result in the overall decrease of global market efficiency and economic welfare. Thus, the best way of preventing such a mutually destructive situation from happening is by ensuring mutual reciprocity in trade commitments, which increases the economic gains as well as the output. In any case, mutual reciprocity being a foundation for most of the concluded trade agreements all over the world does not always guarantee their success. Multilateral trade agreements and organisations, such as the WTO, have been accused of inefficiency due to the problem with maintaining and extending the liberal world trading system, slow pace of trade liberalisation negotiations, and inadequate requirements for consensus among the members, which immensely limits the possible scope of reform of trade agreements. Moreover, some sectors such as trade in agriculture, textiles and apparel have not experienced any significant cuts in tariffs, and thus they had much less success, especially in comparison with, for instance, industrial goods. According to UNCTAD data, non duty-free trade still faces an average tariff of about 7% in manufacturing and about 18% in agriculture. All these arguments have raised many concerns, and in consequence many countries have turned away from the multilateral process toward more preferential agreements such as bilateral, or regional ones. An example of such an agreement is the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), which went into effect in January 1994. Under its terms United States, Canada and Mexico collectively agreed to phase out all tariffs on merchandise trade and to reduce restrictions on service trade as well as foreign investment over a decade[10]. Besides that there exist numerous trade agreements between particular countries, or group of countries, and their number is constantly increasing. It has been particularly observed in terms of Preferential Trade Agreements (PTAs). As of early 2014, there were more than 300 PTAs in force, about half of which also covered services. In 2013, almost half of world trade was taking place between countries that had signed a PTA and almost a third was regulated by deep trade agreements[11]. This increase in PTAs is mostly attributed to the greater promotion of trade among the parties that are signing a PTA, but it is also a good alternative for countries when multilateral negotiations run into difficulties. Moreover, it contributes to the emergence of â€Å"competitive liberalisation†, wherein countries are challenged to reduce trade barriers to keep up with the rest of the world. For instance, after NAFTA was signed and implemented, the EU aimed at signing an FTA with Mexico, in order to ensure that European goods would not be at a competitive disadvantage in the Mexican market. On the other hand, there are still many disadvantages associated with PTAs, such as discriminatory exclusion of certain countries, or the inability to reform certain issues, such as agricultural export subsidies on the bilateral or regional level[12]. Predominantly, it appears that international trade is increasingly more regulated and influenced by policies and instruments reaching beyond tariffs. As of 2013, technical measures and requirements coming from free trade liberalization and international trade agreements regulated about two-thirds of the world trade[13]. Both multilateral and preferential agreements will remain the future of the global economy, shaping its flows and regulating the distribution of wealth. There will always be pressures to include more standards and regulations, and there will always be those that argue that such agreements serve the interests of multinational corporations and not regular citizens. Nevertheless, keeping in mind that free trade contributes to the transfer of technology and knowledge, which is especially important for the developing countries in terms of improved economic welfare, we can not simply despise this concept without accurately evaluating all of its losses and gains. Internation al trade agreements do provide us with a greater measure of certainty in international relations, and they do provide developing countries with one of the few safeguards that they have against the powerful high-income countries. However, it is safe to say that they will continue to generate controversy, and there will always be an intense public discussion surrounding them, and the impact they make. [1] Europa, Summaries of EU legislation. Available from: http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/institutional_affairs/treaties/treaties_eec_en.htm>. [6 January 2015]. [2] Legal Information Institute, Bilateral investment treaty. Available from: http://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/bilateral_investment_treaty>. [6 January 2015]. [3] United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, Quantitative data on bilateral investment treaties and double taxation treaties. Available from: http://unctad.org/en/Pages/DIAE/International Investment Agreements (IIA)/Quantitative-data-on-bilateral-investment-treaties-and-double-taxation-treaties.aspx>. [6 January 2015]. [4] Plummer M. G., Cheong D., Hamanaka S., ‘Methodology for Impact Assessment of Free Trade Agreements’, Asian Development Bank 2010, pp. 7-9. [5] Library of Economics and Liberty, International Trade Agreements. Available from: http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/InternationalTradeAgreements.html>. [6 January 2015]. [6] Narlikar A., ‘The World Trade Organization: A Very Short Introduction’, Oxford University Press Inc., New York 2005, pp. 7-8. [7] Ayoob M. ‘The Third World in the System of States: Acute Schizophrenia or Growing Pains?’, International Studies Quarterly, vol. 33, no. 1, 1989, pp. 67-79. [8] Narlikar A., ‘The World Trade Organization: A Very Short Introduction’, Oxford University Press Inc., New York 2005, pp. 6-7. [9] Narlikar A., ‘The World Trade Organization: A Very Short Introduction’, Oxford University Press Inc., New York 2005, pp. 3-7. [10] Library of Economics and Liberty, International Trade Agreements. Available from: http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/InternationalTradeAgreements.html>. [6 January 2015]. [11] ‘Key Statistics and Trends in Trade Policy 2014’, Trade Analysis Branch (TAB), Division on International Trade in Goods and Services, and Commodities (DITC), UNCTAD Secretariat, pp. 10-11. [12] Library of Economics and Liberty, International Trade Agreements. Available from: http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/InternationalTradeAgreements.html>. [6 January 2015]. [13] ‘Key Statistics and Trends in Trade Policy 2014’, Trade Analysis Branch (TAB), Division on International Trade in Goods and Services, and Commodities (DITC), UNCTAD Secretariat, pp. 10-11.

NAFTA and Mexico Essay -- essays research papers fc

Mexico’s economy is undergoing a stunning transformation. Seven years after the launch of the North American Free Trade Agreement, it is fast becoming an industrial power. Free trade with the U.S. and Canada is turning the country from a mere assembler of cheap, low-quality goods into a reliable exporter of sophisticated products from auto breaks to laptops computers. Although Mexico has seen economic growth lately, it still faces tremendous problems in the aftermath of the 1995 recession and the revolution that took place in the Chiapas which still wages on today. The purpose of this paper is to explore the effects that NAFTA has had on the economy and it’s people during the implementation of NAFTA and in what NAFTA will bring in the future. The North American Free Trade Agreement was designed to open borders and promote free trade between three countries: Canada, the United States and Mexico. Signed in 1992, ratified by the U.S. Congress in November 1993 and implemented January 1, 1994, NAFTA reduced some tariffs immediately while others are scheduled to fall to zero over a 15-year period. NAFTA follows the prescription of liberalization- including the deregulation of government restrictions to allow increased trade, direct foreign investment, and foreign ownership of businesses.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On January 1, 1994, a Mexico still sleepy from New Year’s celebrations awoke to discover a passionate new revolution sweeping across the state of Chiapas. The Zapatistas, a small, yet powerfully forceful group of indigenous people, exhausted from centuries of oppression, poverty and corruption, rose up to end this societal injustice, and most specifically, to battle the new tyrant that would be born that very day: The North American Free Trade Agreement. This revolt was viewed by the indigenous population of Chiapas as an essential act to stop the debilitating cycle of injustice and to prevent future harm to the Mexican people by opposing NAFTA. â€Å"The Zapatistas have pulled back the curtain that covered up the other Mexico. It is not the Mexico of eager entrepreneurs lined up to open Pizza Hut franchises or consumers eager to shop at Wal-Mart, but rather the Mexico of malnourished children, illiteracy, landlessness, poor roads, lack of health clinics, and life as a permanent struggle.† (Quoted in Russell, p. 1)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  NAFTA was ... ...nmental Issues Under the NAFTA. Canadian – American Committee. Toronto: 1993. Marinez, Elizabeth and Arnoldo Garica. (No Date). What is â€Å"Neo Liberalism†? [Online]. Avaible:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www.corpwatch.org/trac/corner/glob/neolib.html (June 27-29, 1997). NAFTA’s Failure to Deliver [Online]. Available:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www/coha.org/pressr/naftapr/html Nelan, Bruce W. (April 4, 1994). Days of Trauma and Fear [Online]. Available:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www.time.com/time/magazine/archieves/1994/940404/940404.mexico.html Perlo, Vicotr. (March 4, 1995). The Rape of Mexico [Online]. Available:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/46/031.html â€Å"The President, the peso, the market and those Indians.† The Economist 24 Dec 1994: 43. Russell, Philip. The Chiapas Rebellion. Mexico Resource Center. Austin: 1995 Shadows of Tender Fury: The Letters and Communiques of Subcomandante Marcos and the Zapatista Army of National Liberation. Monthy Review Press. New York: 1995 Wise, Carol. â€Å"The Post-NAFTA Political Economy.† Mexico and the Western Hemisphere. Pennsylvania State University Press: September 1998.

Comprehensive Analysis on the Indian Tire Market

Comprehensive Analysis on the Indian Tire Market Bharatbook. com announces a new report on â€Å"India Tire Market Outlook, 2018† which gives the latest trends and major companies are present in the tire market in India. India Tire Market Outlook, 2018 The market value of India tire market is projected to at grow at CAGR of 18% during the period 2013-2018. This would make the total worth of tire market to reach at US $ 22. 38 Billion by the end of 2018. The passenger vehicle tire segment will continue its dominance while commercial vehicle tire segment would increase steadily and exemplifies good growth in future.MRF is the market leader in terms of revenue share followed by Apollo & JK tyres. BKT is the leader in OTR segment and leads the export market of India. More than 90% of BKT tyre are export across the 120 countries. http://www. bharatbook. com/automotive-components-market-research-reports/india-tire-market-outlook-2018. html India Tire Market Outlook, 2018 is a comple te analysis of the Tire industry in India. The past data for both the passenger and commercial vehicle tire segments is included in this report while the forecast up to 2018 has been done by each segment and sub-segments.The share of different region and the different companies as well as the latest trends which are making an impact on the market have been complied in this report. We have also profiled major companies which are present in the different segments of tire market in India. Grootte Exclusive -Past Years Data: Market Size (Sales Volume and Revenue) -Market Segmentation: On the Basis of Companies’ Share & Regional Sales -Demand Forecast For Next Five Years -Complete Coverage Of Regulatory Framework Covered Extensive Distribution Channel -Profile of Major Tire Manufacturers -Latest Trends -Critical Success Factors -Analysis Of Raw Material Utilised In Tire -Production -Industry Risk Scorecard Key chapters of the report : 1. Report Synopsis 2. Global Tire Market Overv iew 2. 1. Market Value 2. 2. Market Volume 2. 3. Market Segmentation by Companies 2. 4. Market Segmentation by Region 2. 5. Market Segmentation by Category 2. 6. Global Replacement Tire Overview 3. India Tire Market Overview 3. 1.India Tire Production   †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ For more information kindly visit : http://www. bharatbook. com/automotive-components-market-research-reports/india-tire-market-outlook-2018. html Or Contact us at : Bharat Book Bureau Tel: +91 22 27810772 / 27810773 Toll Free No for USA/Canada : 1-866-279-8368 Email: [email  protected] com Website: www. bharatbook. com Follow us on twitter: https://twitter. com/researchbook Follow us on linkedin : http://www. linkedin. com/company/bharat-book-bureau   Our Blog : http://blog. bharatbook. com/ ire,automotive,Market Research Reports,market forecast Bharat Book Bureau, the leading market research information aggregator provides market research reports, company profiles, country reports, newsletters, and online datab ases for the past twenty four years to corporate, consulting firms, academic institutions, government departments, agencies etc. , globally, including India. Our market research reports help global companies to know different market before starting up business / expanding in different countries across the world.

Siva

As an MBA student you need to study Managerial Economics which is concerned with decisionmaking by managers. As you all are aware that the main Job of managers is decision making only. Before making a decision one has to take into accounts so many things. And here comes theimportance of managerial economics. Meaning of Economics: Economics can be called as social science dealing with economics problem and man's economic behavior. It deals with economic behavior of man in society in respect of consumption, production;distribution etc. conomics can be called as an unending science.There are almost as many definitions of economy as there are economists. We know that definition of subject is to be expected but at this stage it is more useful to set out few examples of the sort of issueswhich concerns professional economists. Example: For e. g. most of us want to lead an exciting life i. e. life full of excitements, adventures etc. butunluckily we do not always have the resources necessar y to do everything we want to do. Thereforechoices have to be made or in the words of economists individuals have to decide—–â€Å"how toallocate scarce resources in the most effective ways†.For this a body of economic principles and concepts has been developed to explain how people andalso business react in this situation. Economics provide optimum utilization of scarce resources to achieve the desired result. It providesthe basis for decision making. Economics can be studied under two heads:l) Micro Economics2) Macro EconomicsMicro Economics: It has been defined as that branch where the unit of study is an individual, firm or household. Itstudies how individual ake their choices about what to produce, how to produce, and for whom to produce, and what price to charge.It is also known as the price theory is the main source of conceptsand analytical tools for managerial decision making. Various micro-economic concepts such as demand, supply, elasticity of demand and supply, marginalcost, various market forms, etc. are of great significance to managerial economics. 1 Macro Economics: It's not only individuals and forms who are faced with having to make choices. Governments facemany such problems. For e. g. How much to spend on healthHow uch to spend on servicesHow much should go in to providing social security benefits.This is the same type of problem facing all of us in our daily lives but in different scales. lt studies the economics as a whole. It is aggregative in character and takes the entire economic as aunit of study. Macro economics helps in the area of forecasting. It includes National Income,aggregate consumption, investments, employment etc. Meaning of managerial economics: It is another branch in the science of economics. Sometimes it is interchangeably used with businesseconomics. Managerial economic is concerned with decision making at the level of firm.It has beendescribed as an economics applied to decision economic theory a nd managerial practices. lt is defined as application of economic theory and methodology to decision making process by themanagement of the business firms. In it economic theories and concepts are used to solve practical business problem. It lies on the borderline of economic and management. It helps in decision makingunder uncertainty and improves effectiveness of the organization. The basic purpose of managerial economic is to show how economic nalysis can be used informulating business plans.Definitions of managerial economics: In the words of Mc Nair and Merriam,† Managerial Economics consists of use of economic modes of thought to analyze business situation†. According to Spencer and Seigelman†Ã¢â‚¬ it is defined as the integration of economic theory with business practice for the purpose of facilitating decision making and forward planning by themanagement†. Economic provides optimum utilization of scarce resource to achieve the desired result.

Hospitals Aim to Keep Older Nurses on the Job by Increasing Safety

Hospitals Aim to Keep Older Nurses on the Job by Increasing Safety Safety Measures for the Ageing Labor Force The present paper discusses the article that appeared in the February 2016 issue of Business Insurance under the name â€Å"Hospitals Aim to Keep Older Nurses on the Job by Increasing Safety.† The article describes a new safety measure that was introduced at the Californian hospital system Scripps Health.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Hospitals Aim to Keep Older Nurses on the Job by Increasing Safety specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Since 30% of the Scripps’ employees are 50 years or older, the company would like to provide a comfortable working environment for these employees to continue working and share their expertise with the new generations. Scripps introduced two new teams: the lift teams, who take the burden of physical labor off the nurses, and the workplace empowerment teams, who evaluate current practices to improve safety. At my organiz ation, since it is also a hospital, this safety measure would both introduce a new practice and revise an established procedure. In the case of physical labor, there is a shift of duties from the nurses to the team that is specifically designed to carry out such tasks as lifting and moving the patients. On the other hand, the introduction of the workplace empowerment teams is an entirely new practice. Typically, employee safety standards and regulations are dictated by external bodies such as the government and its agencies. In the present case, however, my company will actively seek employee feedback on process design and safety-related issues. Introducing such measures will benefit my organization for the same reasons as mentioned in the article. Older employees naturally tend to have more experience in their field, and their presence in the workplace is essential for the knowledge exchange between different generations. It is thus important to recognize and address their needs, a nd generally, it is necessary for companies, including mine, to continuously improve their practices and processes so as to ensure safety. However, there are certain challenges associated with the implementation of this initiative at my organization. First of all, the introduction of the workplace empowerment teams will require additional financial resources as the company will need to hire more people to replace those employees who are no longer engaged in their primary duties because they are busy evaluating workplace procedures. To create the lift teams, my organization needs to either create a new position or review its current job requirements to include physical fitness. Such measures may not be favored by the company’s management and stakeholders if they do not perceive the expected benefits from these new expenditures. Moreover, such changes may be met with resistance by the employees themselves, especially the older ones who may disagree with being viewed as weak or physically unfit.Advertising Looking for critical writing on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More With any changes, it is always important to evaluate their impact and benefits. In the present case, several indicators can be used for assessment. It is, first of all, the number of injuries that occur in the workplace as a result of physical labor, as well as the description of the workers that received the injury, especially their age. My company needs to make sure to collect such data before and after the implementation of the new practice. Similarly, to evaluate the efficiency of the workplace empowerment teams, the company needs to track the changes suggested by the teams – whether they were accepted and implemented, what the impact of such changes is, and so on. Since it may take a while for the employees to get used to these changes, the evaluation should probably take place within a year afte r their implementation. Addressing Fatigue in the Workplace The present paper reviews the policy proposal described in the article entitled â€Å"Keeping Workers Alert and Patients Safe† that appeared in the Hospitals and Health Networks Magazine in February 2012. The article reviews the report issued by the Joint Commission, a non-profit health care accreditation organization in the United States. The Joint Commission calls for health care providers to evaluate employee fatigue-related risks, such as consecutive and night shifts, so as to ensure that these factors do not undermine the patients’ safety. Hospitals are encouraged to proactively seek employees’ input regarding the issue of workplace fatigue and design evidence-based fatigue management plans. To target the employee fatigue-related issues, my company can introduce a new policy that specifies the number of consecutive night shifts that an employee can work, as well as introduce an extended break durin g the employee’s night shift so that they can take a nap. Certainly, employee fatigue presents not only a problem but also a danger in the workplace, because the quality of work and decision-making significantly declines when people are tired. While this issue is important for all industries, it is especially dangerous in the health care sector since its employees have a direct impact on other people’s health and even lives. Thus, introducing such a policy would help my organization improve efficiency and productivity, as well as eliminate any mistakes and errors that result from employee fatigue. At the same time, I expect to encounter several implementation challenges if I am to propose such a policy at my organization. It will, first of all, reflect on the structure of the employee’s shift, meaning that they will be unavailable for a certain period. Even though different employees can take turns during their shift, somebody will need to cover for the employee that is taking a break at all times. Perhaps, the organization may need to hire an extra person to do this job.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Hospitals Aim to Keep Older Nurses on the Job by Increasing Safety specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Consequently, this policy introduces a new expense to the company’s budget. While one may think that employees will be happy to receive a break, I anticipate that they will meet this policy with resistance. Most likely, such a policy would cause employees to spend more time in their workplace because of the break, and many of them would prefer to go home sooner and take a break there. The management is likely to resist this change because the employees would still need to be remunerated for their break, even though they are not working. To evaluate the effectiveness of this policy, I would consider the following indicators. First of all, I think it is import ant to survey the employees before and after the implementation of the policy to see whether it improved their well-being. Secondly, the organization should collect data on other relevant indicators, for instance, the number of incidents that occur in the workplace that can be attributed to such causes as employee fatigue, lack of concentration, and other similar problems. Apart from that, the hospital can review the complaints that come from the patients. The HR department is best positioned to collect and analyze such data. Since fatigue can accumulate over time, the organization should not conduct the assessment right away. Rather, it should wait for about half a year since the policy is likely to have been fully adopted by then.

Genetic manipulation essays

Genetic manipulation essays One of the most controversial issues in America today is about genetic manipulation. Nearly all sectors of American society have a say about this matter, and so many sides to it have been argued. There are people for and against it. Yet, who really has the right to say what is right and what is wrong? Isnt the process of genetic manipulation a choice that the people have a right to take? There are some who say that genetic manipulation will lead to excessive individualism on the part of the people. People who are give a choice to choose their offsprings biological traits might abuse this kind of power. Still, modern America is slowly backing up the Human Genome Project. By permitting genetic manipulation in human embryos, American society allows the violation of a persons basic rights and promotes excessive individualism. The term genetics is the biology of heredity; especially the study of mechanisms of hereditary transmission and variations of organismal characteristics. The term engineering is the application of scientific principles to practical ends, as the design, construction and operation of efficient and economical structures, equipment and systems. Genetic engineering allows scientists to identify, store, and manipulate the chemical blueprints or the DNA of living organisms. By reprogramming the genetic codes of living organisms, scientists will be able to customize and mass-produce a completely new culture of living things. Human genetic manipulation, as its name states, is the ability to directly manipulate or exploit genes of human beings. Human genes can be manipulated in various ways. They can be changed, improved or completely removed altogether. The most popular method of genetic manipulation is by using human embryos. An embryo is a fertilized egg cell. When an embryo is healthy enough, genes that are undesired can be changed so that ...

Tantalum Facts - Periodic Table of the Elements

Tantalum Facts - Periodic Table of the Elements Tantalum  Basic Facts Atomic Number: 73 Symbol: Ta Atomic Weight: 180.9479 Discovery: Anders Ekeberg 1802 (Sweden), showed that niobic acid and tantalic acid were two different substances. Electron Configuration: [Xe] 6s2 4f14 5d3 Word Origin: Greek Tantalos, mythological character, king who was father of Niobe Isotopes: There are 25 known isotopes of tantalum. Natural tantalum consists of 2 isotopes. Properties: Tantalum is a heavy, hard gray metal. Pure tantalum is ductile and may be drawn into very fine wire. Tantalum is practically immune to chemical attack at temperatures lower than 150  °C. It is only attacked by hydrofluoric acid, acidic solutions of the fluoride ion, and free sulfur trioxide. Alkalis attack tantalum very slowly. At higher temperatures, tantalum is more reactive. The melting point of tantalum is very high, exceeded only by that of tungsten and rhenium. The melting point of tantalum is 2996  °C; boiling point is 5425 /- 100  °C; specific gravity is 16.654; valence is usually 5, but may be 2, 3, or 4. Uses: Tantalum wire is used as a filament for evaporating other metals. Tantalum is incorporated into a variety of alloys, conferring high melting point, ductility, strength, and corrosion resistance. Tantalum carbide is one of the hardest materials ever made. At high temperatures, tantalum has good gettering ability. Tantalum oxide films are stable, with desirable dielectric and rectifying properties. The metal is used in chemical process equipment, vacuum furnaces, capacitors, nuclear reactors, and aircraft parts. Tantalum oxide may be used to make a glass with a high index of refraction, with applications including use for camera lenses. Tantalum is immune to body liquids and is a non-irritating metal. Therefore, it has widespread surgical applications. Sources: Tantalum is found primarily in the mineral columbite-tantalite (Fe, Mn)(Nb, Ta)2O6. Tantalum ores are found in Australia, Zaire, Brazil, Mozambique, Thailand, Portugal, Nigeria, and Canada. A complicated process is required to remove tantalum from the ore. Element Classification: Transition Metal Tantalum Physical Data Density (g/cc): 16.654 Melting Point (K): 3269 Boiling Point (K): 5698 Appearance: heavy, hard gray metal Atomic Radius (pm): 149 Atomic Volume (cc/mol): 10.9 Covalent Radius (pm): 134 Ionic Radius: 68 (5e) Specific Heat (20 °C J/g mol): 0.140 Fusion Heat (kJ/mol): 24.7 Evaporation Heat (kJ/mol): 758 Debye Temperature (K): 225.00 Pauling Negativity Number: 1.5 First Ionizing Energy (kJ/mol): 760.1 Oxidation States: 5 Lattice Structure: Body-Centered Cubic Lattice Constant (Ã…): 3.310 References: Los Alamos National Laboratory (2001), Crescent Chemical Company (2001), Langes Handbook of Chemistry (1952), CRC Handbook of Chemistry Physics (18th Ed.) Return to the Periodic Table

Politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 4

Politics - Essay Example Swayed by the European lines of thought, these parties managed to grow in numbers since they appealed mostly to the oppressed people as well as the distressed workers in the country. They successfully managed to field candidates throughout the nation in numerous elected positions for the next several years. However, towards the beginning of the 1920’s, these socialist movements faced severe resistance and condemnation from the government and eventually broke off the movement. The parties ceased to attract numbers to support its cause in the beginning of the early 20th century, though the Socialist Labor Party remained alive until the end of the 20th century. Socialism refers to a system whereby the ownership and control of majority of assets in a given country is granted to the central government. The United States, unlike other countries such as Japan and Germany, has not employed this system of running the economy. Though the system has worked very well in the above mentioned countries, the United States continues to thrive well without its enforcement. Politically, socialist parties in the United States began fairing very poorly in the run up to the general elections. For instance, in the year 2008, socialist candidates and their parties received less than two of the three socialist candidates (Caramani pg. 201). This is way below what other socialist candidates in other nations receive. In Germany for example, socialist parties gathered close to 50% of the total votes cast in each successive election since the 1970’s. There are several theories, however, that explain this phenomena in United States politics or governance. The United States has never had a feudal system. Other nations have had hierarchical systems which was lead from the top by a supreme deity while at the bottom of the system lay the commoner. Such systems were discriminatory in nature since it gave too much power to the person at the top at the expense of the common man at the bottom.

Joint venture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Joint venture - Essay Example One of the biggest advantages of joint venture is that it saves time. It takes a company a lot of time and effort to develop the knowledge base required to expand into the industry, be able to develop and introduce new products in the market, and improve efficiency and productivity in business. Joint ventures provide companies with the opportunity to share expertise, obtain lead time, and minimize the cost that is otherwise incurred because of lack of experience and expertise. Another very important and rewarding feature of joint venture is that it promises good quality. Understandably, when one firm has to make a product, some features of the product that the firm is capable of producing would be of good quality while the quality of other features might be compromised. Since the different companies joining hands to form a joint venture are experts in their respective fields, products made in a joint venture are of very good

Credit Risk Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Credit Risk Management - Essay Example In other words, the bank has to incorporate technological processes in the identification of risk. Credit risk management must start from a particular point and this is determination of where the problem is. (Reserve bank of Vanuatu, 2007) No effective solution can be worked out if the bank does not understand the full magnitude of its problems. Additionally, banks that fail to understand the dynamics involved in counterparty risks are also likely to fail in managing that risk. Technology is also essential in the measurement of risk because through the latter, the bank can have standardised ways of dealing with it. Besides these, robust technology is also critical in the actual process of managing the risk. (Damiano and Massimo, 2006) The latter facts may seem quite basic to the bank, however, a word of caution is necessary when dealing with this issue. Because of forces of globalisation and the technology wave, many banks and financial instructions are merely rushing to the latest IT products without due consideration of their personal needs. This is the point at which these financial institutions go wrong; the most sophisticated form of IT can be worthless if it does not meet the needs of the bank. Consequently, there should be more emphasis on the process rather than the product in this regard. If all a bank needs is a simple IT tool to meet their needs, then they should opt for only what they need. In certain cases less is more; credit risk management ought to take precedence over other systems that are required to implement them. Numerous companies tend to operate from the wrong side thus making it increasingly difficult to proceed with one's choices. A research conducted by a certain investment bank (Lepus) about the importance of information technology in implementing effective credit risk management found out the following: Importance of technology in credit risk management 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% Just a tool Enhances efficiency and effectiveness Eradicates manual processes Promotes data transparency Smoothens Global credit risk Active management of portfolio Source: Lepus Investment Bank (2007): Effective risk management, available at http://www.sas.com/ accessed on 27th November As it can be seen above, the most important function among these bankers is the management and development of a bank's portfolio. Information technology is therefore a vital tool in effecting strategies for effective risk management. Aside from technology, a bank needs to have a comprehensive strategic policy for achievement of effective credit risk management. It should be noted that this forms the backbone of successful credit risk management. The principles and guidelines provide a background against which banks can operate in a sound environment. These policies serve as directional pointers to financial institutions because they are a set of rules that can be applied in a series of credit situations facing them. (Brigo and Pallavicini, 2007) The bank under study needs to put in mind the fact that those companies that have failed in their credit risk management endeavours have done so because of a lack of commitment to their policies and procedures. Having a set of rules that have been smartly laid out by a series of credit risk management experts is just one side of the story. The other side is

The Glycolysis Process in Humans and in Yeast Essay

The Glycolysis Process in Humans and in Yeast - Essay Example These two molecules will each yield 2 ATPs and 1 NADH during the 5-step payoff stage for a net gain of 2 ATPs and 1 NADH (Audesirk, Audesirk, & Byers 2006 p.102). These bonus ATP molecules will be used by the body's muscles as glycolysis converts glucose to energy. The investment stage begins its 5-step process by converting the glucose to a charged phosphate, which is then trapped inside the cell wall, which is impenetrable to ions (Campbell & Reese 2002 p.162). From this point on the process in non-reversible. The reaction in the initial stage expends the first ATP. Step 3 expends the second ATP as fructose 6-phosphate is converted into fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (Audesirk, Audesirk, & Byers 2006 p.102). Step 4 will split this molecule into two carbon intermediaries to be processed separately by the generation phase (McMurry & Castillion 2003 p.670). Step 6 oxidizes by the transfer of NAD+ to the sugar from step 5. During step 6-7 of the generation phase the process yields 1 NADH and 1 ATP respectively (Audesirk, Audesirk, & Byers 2006 p.102). Since there were 2 molecules produced by the generation phase, the output is actually doubled. At this point the glycolysis reaction is at a break even point. It has invested 2 ATPs and yielded 2 ATPs. Step 10 creates another ATP molecule by transferring the phosphoenolpyruvate from step 9 to ATP and pyruvate (McMurry & Castillion 2003 p.163).

Administration Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 4

Administration - Assignment Example Failure to secure the payroll records and data can pilot identify theft, public relations problems and government fines. 2. How substantiation procedures guarantee that an employee’s claim for an allowance is substantiated: Employees must provide substantiated information and records to claim their allowances. The key principle fundamental expense substantiation is that to subtract work expenses; the employee needs to substantiate them by acquiring written proof of the expense. The records of written proof or substance provide evidence of spent finances. They provide prove that the expense was incurred and required reimbursement. The substantiation procedures ensure that the employee provides documentation for the expenses incurred to ensure proper auditing and limit frauds (Revenue Service 2009). 3. Records related to payroll management: Every organization must keep employee payroll information to include records and data. The payroll records include the employee name and address, social security number, pay rates; total wages earned, deductions and net pay, bank account details and employee benefits like health insurance premiums and retirement contributions. The payroll management must keep these data and records for duration of three years before making any alterations unless otherwise stated or at the request of the employee (Revenue Service 2009). 4. Key Items that required calculating an employee’s gross pay: Gross pay of an employee is the total amount of money paid before taxes or before other deductions is subtracted from the total remuneration. The gross pay includes basic remuneration, allowances, compensation for services including overtime pay, bonuses, commissions and any other amounts deemed payable by the employer that are found in the personnel appointment data. In addition, the gross pay includes interests, rents, royalties, alimony, annuities and pensions found in the bank statements of the employee (Revenue Service

Summary Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 28

Summary - Assignment Example The use of a mycorrhizal fungus in the experiment was employed leading to effective data collection on the modes of communication. The plants used the fungi hyphae network to communicate with each other including the transfer of nutrients between the plants. Plants communicate on the issues including insect attack. It was found that plants reacted to the scent or volatile organic compounds by developing defense or emitting chemicals that attract aphid eating wasps which feed on the aphids infesting the area. The separation of the plants by covering those using plastics and pots gives a clear indication of the communication process. The separation of the plants both using pot and plastic bags in the air, led to no communication between the plants. Thus, the findings supported the analogy of communication between plants. Therefore, it can be proven without doubt that plants communicate effectively. From the research of Richard karban and Babikova, it is evident that communication between plants is a continuous and regular. In conclusion, the communication between plants was not understood until the findings of the various researches were

Administration Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 4

Administration - Assignment Example Failure to secure the payroll records and data can pilot identify theft, public relations problems and government fines. 2. How substantiation procedures guarantee that an employee’s claim for an allowance is substantiated: Employees must provide substantiated information and records to claim their allowances. The key principle fundamental expense substantiation is that to subtract work expenses; the employee needs to substantiate them by acquiring written proof of the expense. The records of written proof or substance provide evidence of spent finances. They provide prove that the expense was incurred and required reimbursement. The substantiation procedures ensure that the employee provides documentation for the expenses incurred to ensure proper auditing and limit frauds (Revenue Service 2009). 3. Records related to payroll management: Every organization must keep employee payroll information to include records and data. The payroll records include the employee name and address, social security number, pay rates; total wages earned, deductions and net pay, bank account details and employee benefits like health insurance premiums and retirement contributions. The payroll management must keep these data and records for duration of three years before making any alterations unless otherwise stated or at the request of the employee (Revenue Service 2009). 4. Key Items that required calculating an employee’s gross pay: Gross pay of an employee is the total amount of money paid before taxes or before other deductions is subtracted from the total remuneration. The gross pay includes basic remuneration, allowances, compensation for services including overtime pay, bonuses, commissions and any other amounts deemed payable by the employer that are found in the personnel appointment data. In addition, the gross pay includes interests, rents, royalties, alimony, annuities and pensions found in the bank statements of the employee (Revenue Service

Communicate in a business environment Essay Example for Free

Communicate in a business environment Essay 3.1 Describe ways of verbally presenting information and ideas clearly 3.2 Explain ways of making contributions to discussion that help to move them forward 3.3 Describe methods of active listening 3.4 Explain the purpose of summarising verbal communications 4.1 Describe ways of getting feedback on communications 4.2 Explain the purpose of using feedback to develop communication skills Describe ways of verbally presenting information and ideas clearly to present any information or ideas I need clearly I often use simple language and short sentences this makes it easier for everybody to understand. Also I present the information is a variety of ways as some people understand things and concepts in different ways. For example; some people understand by hearing or seeing. Before I present any information or ideas I always plan out what I want to say, I often also take out any information that is not necessary. I also use active and personal language like ‘’you’ and ‘we’’. Explain ways of making contributions to discussion that help to move them forward To make conversation move forward, I often learn to listen to people and give importance for everybody’s ideas. This way I can make positive contributions that can lead to further discussion. I also often do not make a contribution to a subject who isn’t positive or may not affect me or my work. Describe methods of active listening In order to perform within LSG and to develop my skills listening is one the most important skills I should obtain. As it will portray the quality of my relationship with my team and clients. Listening is important as I need to often obtain information from others to learn new things. Methods of active listening include: Listening calmly without interrupting, so that I let the other person speak and show them that I care and respect them Asking others to repeat if I do not understand anything, in order to avoid mistakes Taking notes of important points, so that I do not forget or miss out on any important points Confirming what I have understood, so that there is no misunderstanding of information Explain the purpose of summarising verbal communications The purpose of summarising verbal communication is to identify major points, behaviours, thoughts and feelings that have been discussed. I then often collate all the information I have collected. By doing this is helps to have a clear precise outline of all communications. Describe ways of getting feedback on communications I believe that feedback completes the entire process of communication. Feedback helps us to decide if the communication was effects and useful. I often get feedback from my line manager Scott or I often get it from clients on the phone. If any feedback given is to improve on anything I often make note of the feedback and make a working progress for myself to include the suggestion in my work. Explain the purpose of using feedback to develop communication skills I use feedback for improve my work performance. It helps improve my work ethnic, team work and quality of my work. To help develop communication skills the feedback has to be received and acted upon. Once I have acted upon feedback I always let my line manager Scott know so that he can see I am willing to learn and enthusiastic and this may encourage people to offer me feedback in the future.

The definition of financial terminology within the market

The definition of financial terminology within the market Did you know what the financial institution is? The definition of financial institution is an organization that invests the chiefly in financial assets such as securities and loans rather than in tangible property. In the financial institutions, there have include many parts, such as banks, consumer finance companies, trust companies, savings and loans, insurance companies, credit unions, pension funds, and the mutual funds. What is the financial market? Financial markets is a market which for the exchange of the capital and credit, it including the money markets and the capital markets. In  business, government  and individuals  often  need to raise the funds. Income  individuals and  companies are  now  spending  more  than they,  so they have funds available to  invest. Individuals and organizations  gathered  to  borrow  money  and  those who have  surplus. The financial market can be divided into two groups, that is money market and capital market. Money  market is a  creation  and suppliers  of  short term funding requirements  and the financial  relationship. The maturity  is within one year. The capital  market is a  market, so that  suppliers and  demanders  to trade  long-term capital. The investors encounter high risks in those securities are including liquidity risk, default risk, maturity risk and inflation risk. These two fin ancial markets also can divide into primary market and secondary market. Next, I want to Identify and discuss the three different ways for transferring capital or fund from savers to borrowers in the financial market. The first ways is direct transfers of money and securities. This will occur when a business sells the bond and stocks directly to the savers without going to through any types of the financial institution. It is the business that delivers its securities to the savers, and who in turn give the firm the money it needs. The second ways is the investment banking house. The investment banking house is an organization that can distributes or underwrites the new investment securities and also help business obtain financing. For an example, the person name Merrill Lynch is underwrites the issue. The underwriter is serves as a middleman. It also facilitates the issuance of the securities. The company who sells the stocks or bonds to the investment bank, the major reason is they want to sells these same securities to the savers. The last ways for tran sferring capital or fund from savers to borrowers in the financial market is financial intermediaries. The financial intermediaries is the specialized financial firms that facilities the transfer of funds from the savers to demander of capital. The financial intermediary is such like a bank or mutual fund. It is simply to transfer the money and securities between the firms and the savers. They literally want to create the new financial products. Here, the intermediary obtains funds is from the savers in exchange is for its own securities. Then, the intermediary will use this money to buy and also hold the business securities. In addition, the existence of intermediaries are greatly to increases the efficiency of money and capital markets. In the financial intermediaries also have many functions. The first functions of the financial intermediaries are to reduce the transaction cost. A transaction cost is a cost that incurred in making in an economic exchange. Usually this is restated of the cost of the participating in a market. For an example, if you are a businessman, you want to open a fruits stall. Lets say you want to sell watermelon. You consider buying the watermelons from a store. To purchase the watermelons, your costs are not only paying for the price of the watermelons itself. Why? Because you need to use your energy and effort it requires to find out what types of the watermelons that you prefer, the cost of travelling from that store to your house, where can you get the stock of watermelons, can get the watermelons at what price, the effort of the paying itself and also the time when you waiting in line. These all costs are really above and beyond the cost of the watermelons are the transaction costs. The second functions of the financial intermediaries are the facilities such as saving deposits, online banking to pay the bills, online checking your saving account, money transfer and others that can be liquidity. These all are provided generally by credit unions, banks, and the finance companies. The next function of the financial intermediaries are risk sharing. While, the risk sharing is a risk management method in which the cost of the consequences of a risk is distributed among with the several of the participants in an enterprise. Next, I want to explain about the classes of intermediaries. There have seven classes of the intermediaries. The first classes are commercial banks. Commercial banks is the traditional finance  department store  into a  wide variety of  savers and borrowers. Expanding  the services provided,  including stock  brokerage services and  insurance coverage. Commercial banks are quite different from the investment banks. Commercial banks can lend money, while an investment bank is help companies to raise the capital from other parties. The second classes are savings and loan associations. This is the served individual savers and residential and commercial mortgage borrowers. It takes the fund of many small savers and then will lend this money to the home buyers and other type of borrowers. In the analysis of credit, it is setting up a loan, so that the collections of personal savings are more than expertise, so they reduce the costs and improve the availability of real esta te loans. The third classes are mutual savings banks. This is similar with SLs, operate the primarily in the northeastern states, and accept the savings primarily from individuals. It also lend the mainly on a long-term basis to the home buyers or consumers. The next classes are credit union. Credit unions are the members of the association  of their cooperation  should have a  common bond. The members savings are loaned only to other members, usually is for the home improvement loans, auto purchases etc. Its often the cheapest source of the funds available to the individual borrowers. Other classes are the pension funds. It means the retirement plans are funded by corporations or government agencies for their workers and the administered primarily by the trust departments of commercial banks or by life insurance companies. There have two plans of the pension funds, defined benefit plans and defined contribution plans. Another class is the life insurance companies. That is the participate in the annual  premium  in the form  of  savings, real estate, bonds, mortgage  loans, investment  in stocks,  ultimately  these funds  to the insureds  payment to the beneficiary  parties. The last classes are mutual funds. The mutual funds are the corporations that accept money from the savers and then they use these funds to buy the stocks, long-term bonds, or short-term debt instruments issued by business or government units. The pools funds and thus reduce the risks by diversification. The different funds  of different types of  savings  designed to meet  those  goals. There are literally thousands of different mutual funds with dozens of different goals and purposes. In this assignment, I had already explain the definition of financial market, the three different ways for transferring capital or fund from savers to borrowers and also the classes of intermediaries. I know that the financial institutions are very important not just for a businessman, also for everyone.

Advice in life: Love and Marriage Essay -- Literary Analysis, Hughes,

Conventional wisdom has it that advice given from the older generation is always helpful. Common sense seems to dictate that since the elderly have lived life longer, they are wiser. Speaking as a voice of the younger generation, although the elderly have lived life longer, the advice they give to the younger generation is not always beneficial. One of the most popular Harlem Renaissance poets Langston Hughes and the idolized novelist Zora Neale Hurston, both wrote pieces revolving around the idea of giving advice on life. Both literary works present characters that in offering advice to the young demonstrate their own distinct personalities. Hurston and Hughes explore the idea of using life experiences to offer advice to the younger generation through active use of literary techniques. â€Å"Mother to Son† by Hughes depicts the struggles in life of a hardworking uneducated black Mother that attempts to give guidance concerning life to her son through her limited experiences. To take a case in point, Hughes’s poem â€Å"Mother to Son† the poet’s character Mother, describes her life metaphorically by relating it to a staircase. Through this metaphor one realizes that Mother has always been climbing up a staircase, meaning she has been overcoming obstacles in life and rising. Similarly, Hurston’s novel, Their Eyes Were Watching God explores the life of the emotionally weak black woman, Janie, who is continuously pressured to make life decisions based on the opinions that her Nanny has amassed throughout her entire life as a slave. In Hurston’s novel the author’s character Nanny, describes a woman metaphorically as a mule. Throughout the narrative, this metaphor allows one to understand the role of women in society. This description of women N... ...cation that refutes the claim that advice from the elderly is always beneficial is when Nanny tells Janie to marry a rich man. Janie corroborates the age-old adage that advice from the elderly is always helpful. In so, she claims that advice rests upon the questionable assumption of oneself. By focusing on her own feelings and not the advice of Nanny Janie was able to marry a man she truly loved. Janie reminds us that, it is simply not true that advice is given from the older generation is helpful. These conclusions that Janie reaches in life, add weight to the argument regarding advice from the elderly. These findings challenge the idea of people who assume that advice from the older generation is always helpful. Janie’s discoveries will have significant applications in life as people decide whether to put advice from the elderly to use in their own lives.

Frankenstein: Less Human Than His Creation Essay -- essays research pa

There are obvious similarities between Victor and his creation; each is abandoned, isolated, and both start out with good intentions. However, Victor’s ego in his search for god-like capabilities overpowers his humanity. The creature is nothing but benevolent until society shuns him as an outcast on account of his deformities. The creature is more humane than his own creator because his wicked deeds are committed in response to society’s corruption; while Frankenstein’s evil work stems only from his own greed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Victor Frankenstein and his creation are very much alike. Both are abandoned by their creators at a young age; Frankenstein is left without his mother after her death, the creature is rejected by Frankenstein's abandonment. Frankenstein and the monster are also similar in that they are isolated and outcasts of society. Frankenstein is hypothetically an outcast when he consumes himself in work and is isolated when the creature kills those he loves, and the creature is obviously isolated as a hideous outcast of society. Victor Frankenstein starts out with good intentions; he is merely seeking to gain knowledge of natural philosophy. Soon, his greed for god-like power overcomes him and he becomes consumed with the idea of creating life, â€Å"Summer months passed while I was thus engaged, heart and soul, in one pursuit† (32). The creature also starts out with kindness, he tells his creator, â€Å"Believe me, Frankenstein: I was benevolent; my soul glowed with love and humanity: but am I not alone, miserably alone?† (66). However, after society refuses to accept him based on personal appearance, the creature becomes angry.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The creature has an overwhelming capacity to love as can be seen in his admiration for the peasants, â€Å"[The creature’s] thoughts now became more active, and [he] longed to discover the motives and feelings of these lovely creatures... [he] thought (foolish wretch!) that it might be in [his] power to restore happiness to these deserving people† (77). The creature’s display of care and compassion for the cottagers is more humane than most humans are; he retains the innocence and naive characteristics of a child. The creature’s grasp of human-like qualities allows the reader to possess sympathy for his situation; he is a victim and Frankenstein is to blame. A true monster would, by definiti... ...imself] which nothing could extinguish† (57). The creature is a portrayal of Eve’s role in Paradise Lost. The creature is persuaded by the behavior of others to take his fall into wickedness, much like Eve was pushed by the serpent to eat the forbidden fruit. Shelley blatantly makes this comparison when Frankenstein gets a first glance of himself in a scene that mirrors Eve’s first look at herself. The creature tells Victor, â€Å"I [was] terrified when I viewed myself in a transparent pool! At first I stared back, unable to believe that it was indeed I who was reflected in the mirror; and when I became fully convinced that I was in reality the monster that I am, I was filled with the bitterest sensations of despondence and mortification† (108).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Despite their similarities, Victor and his creation differ greatly. Only after rejection does the creature turn to evil; while Victor acts out of greed. Victor’s self-centered behavior effects everyone in the novel; he hurts his family’s feelings, he lets those that he loves die, and abandons his own creation. Even the creature couldn’t have committed such horrible acts before the effects of society’s rejection.

Capitalism Is Not the Best Route of Happiness Essay

For example, US. In the US, the shares of earnings and wealth of the households in the top 1 percent of the corresponding distributions are 15 percent and 30 percent, respectively. As a result of implementing Capitalism, there is a big range of wealth between the rich and poor people. The rich will become richer, the poor will become poorer. As such a negative situation occurs, the crime rate in such country will be higher. When a country is implementing capitalism, the government have no right to intervene in the free market. When such a situation happened, who are going to help those who are poor? The free market will be monopolized by those rich people. For the poor, they have no modal, no resources, no power, and no ability to compete in such an unfair market. How are they going to compete? Even if they owned the ability, the qualification, but they have no the fundamental term to fight with rich people that is money. In a free market, when you are rich, you will only become richer as u have a lots of money and resources to invest into. For the poor, they are not the one who demands how much salary from employer, but they are the one who are looking for how much the employer willing to pay them. As a result, they are forced to accept low wages in order to survive. The paid they get, not worth the effort they pay out. Normally, the wages they get, only enough to support their basic cost of living. As a result, They have no extra modal to help them to grow and to expand their ability. The low wages also influence buying power. As a result, poverty rate will be higher. Some critique argues that the allocation of resources in capitalism is inefficient. For example, in 1995, around 200 million of Indians faced the problem of hunger. In the same year, India economy had exported around $ 625 million of wheat and $ 1. 3 million of rice. In this case, Indian economy is able to export food worth around $ 650 million, but its citizen faced the problem of hunger. Why not the economy allocates those foods to its citizen? It’s because of in capitalism, the property and resources is totally owned by private parties. They have the right to use the resources to maximize their profit. It’s their right and freedom to overlook the problem around them that may stop them to achieve higher profit. There is also an unfair working condition in workplace. Those labors have to work for 14 hours per day. Why are these labors forced to accept such unfair working condition? Without this job opportunity, they are unable to live their life. The owner of resources in capitalism does not work, and exploit its worker. In such situation, it’s exploiting human right. We are all human, have the equal right to live in this world and share the resources together.

Impact of Media Technology on Learning Behavior

The effect of positive reinforcement of grade 2 students on BEd SCM regarding on their cooperation In class A Research Presented Joanna S. Violators Elaine D. Enduring (BBS Psychology-3) Submitted to: Miss. Melody Dupes (Teacher) SST. Michaels College, Align City February 2013 Table of Content l. Abstract ? II. Introduction a. Reviewed literature b. Concept of framework c. Statement & Hypothesis d. Significant of the study e. Scope and limitation f. Deflection of terms . Ill. Methodology a. Research design b.Materials c. Procedure Abstract Many different teaching strategies have been assessed to help increase the behavioral repertoires of Individuals with developmental disabilities and Outlast This study the effect of positive reinforcement of grade 2 students on Bed SCM regarding on their cooperation in class. The results indicate that the impact of positive reinforcement on their studies will motivate them to study hard. CHAPTER 1 Reviewed literature Behavior modification focuses o n behaviors and behavior changes.RESERVE ACT at  https://donemyessay.com/apush-chapter-29/Behaviors are what a person does or says. The purpose of behavior modification is to alp change behaviors that have a social impact on one's life while improving a specific aspect of that person's life (Malingerer, 2008). According to Matter and Goldstein (2001 ), â€Å"All behavior follows a set of consistent rules. Methods can be developed for defining, observing, and measuring behaviors, as well as designing effective interventions† (p. 96). Behaviors have one or more dimensions that can be measured.These dimensions include the frequency or number of times a behavior occurs, the duration or how long a behavior occurs, and the intensity or hysterical force involved in a behavior (Malingerer, 2008). Behavior modification is a field of psychology that analyzes and modifies human behaviors (Malingerer, 2008). It is the consistent application of positive or negative consequences to reinf orce the occurrence of a desirable behavior and/or to reduce the occurrence of an undesirable behavior.As stated by Malingerer (2008), analyzing a behavior meaner to 7 determine the relationship between the environment and that behavior to better understand why a person behaved the way he or she did, and modifying a behavior earns to create and put into place procedures to help people change that behavior. Four major figures in psychology were influential in the development of the scientific principles on which behavior modification, a theory of psychology that has been around since the early sass's, is based.The first major contribution of behavior modification was Edward Thorniness development of the law of effect, in 1911, which states behaviors that generate a positive effect on the environment are more likely to occur in the future (libertine's, 2008). An example of the law of effect pertaining o education is students receiving credit for doing their homework. This theory impli es that students who consistently earn credit for completing their homework are more likely to continue this behavior. In 1913, John Watson started a movement called behaviorism.Watson believed that observable behaviors were an appropriate subject matter of psychology and that all behaviors were controlled by outside events (Malingerer, 2008). Behaviorism can be witnessed in schools when students who live in abusive and/or unstructured environments misbehave because 8 they have to been exposed to or taught socially acceptable behaviors by their parent's. These students' undesirable behaviors are often a result of negative, unhealthy events that take place in their homes.In the mid-sass's, Ivan Pavlov's experiments discovered the basic process of respondent conditioning (Malingerer, 2008). Respondent conditioning, also known as classical conditioning, pairs a stimulus and response that occurs naturally with another stimulus to elicit a response that does not occur naturally. This the ory is demonstrated in the classroom when teachers use the statement, â€Å"give me five†. This specific behavior management technique is used to quickly and quietly cue students to stop what they are doing.Students are expected to give the teacher their undivided attention while he or she speaks to the class. Teachers who implement this technique have conditioned their students to behave in a specific manner which is unrelated to the usual meaning of the statement. B. F. Skinner is considered to be one of the most influential sass's, Skinner expanded the field of behaviorism first developed by Watson by laying out the principles of operant condition which claims that the 9 consequence of a behavior controls the future occurrence of that behavior (?FL alternative, 2008).Skinner's work has influenced the field of education, as well as the field of psychology. He believed that positive reinforcement was more effective than punishment when trying to change and establish behavior s. Through his work, Skinner identified five main obstacles to learning. These obstacles are a fear of failure, the task is too long and complicated, the task lacks directions, clarity in the directions is lacking, and there is little or no positive reinforcement (Frisson, 2008). Skinner also recognized that people can be taught age-appropriate skills using the following techniques.These techniques are giving the learner immediate feedback, breaking tasks down into small steps, repeating the directions as many times as possible, working from the most simple to the most complex tasks, and giving positive reinforcement (Frisson, 2008). Behavior modification is used in many areas to assist in changing people's problematic behaviors. These behaviors are considered to be socially unacceptable and inappropriate for one's age and/or ability. Additionally, these behaviors are often disruptive to one's life.Malingerer (2008) noted that,† A wealth of research in behavior modification de monstrates that these 10 behaviors often can be controlled or eliminated with behavioral intervention† One field that consistently uses behavior modification is education, especially in the areas of classroom management and teaching students with special needs. The field of developmental disabilities has received more behavior modification research than any other area (Malingerer, 2008), as individuals with disabilities often have behavioral deficits that are able to be overcome with the use of behavior edification.Behavior modification continues to play a major role in special education. It is used to create effective teaching methods and to control problematic behaviors such as not cot plying with school and/or class rules. It is also used to improve inappropriate social behaviors including temper tantrums, interrupting, and difficulty sharing. Furthermore, behavior modification is used to improve functional skills deficits pertaining to personal hygiene and toileting, promo ting self- management, and training teachers (Malingerer, 2008).Statement of the Problem The purpose of my paper was to explore behavior modification by using rewards to encourage positive, observable behavior changes in my students. Teachers have an opportunity to positively impact their students' behavior, in addition to their education. I wanted to see if the idea of behavior modification was an effective method for teaching and encouraging students' age-appropriate behaviors and social skills.I researched the use of rewards and positive reinforcement with regards to behavior modification by creating a classroom more interacting and participation on the classroom. One aspect of teaching is educators' abilities to effectively manage their students' behaviors. Many teacher education programs expose preserve teachers to numerous strategies for managing students' behaviors because the most challenging aspect of teaching continues to be Wetted and Mercer (2003), â€Å"The area of beh avior interventions in classrooms receives more attention than many other aspects of schooling† (p. 9). This is not surprising as teachers are expected to deal with discipline problems that were once a cause for suspension or expulsion from school since more and more students are being included in public school settings, in part due to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (Quinn et al. , 2001). Another area teachers struggle with is whether or not students should be rewarded for behaviors that are expected of them. Some educators believe that it is not their responsibility to provide incentives for students; they feel that this is the Job of parent's.However, research in the area of behavioral skills training claims that feedback in the form of positive reinforcement is essential to teaching individuals appropriate behaviors and expectations (Malingerer, 2008). Wetted and Mercer (2003) note that, â€Å"The most controversial issues in behavior management have been the use of rewards to n- motivate and teach students to follow classroom rules and routines and to complete academic assignments† (p. 88).The appropriate use of positive reinforcement and behavior modification are important for success in the classroom, as frequent reprimands, low expectations, and infrequent praise often result in students who exhibit challenging behaviors (Morgan, 2006). Educators can use strong classroom management skills to end, or at the very least avoid, an increase in problematic behaviors. Significant of the study This study focused on the impact of positive reinforcement on their studies will motivate them to study hard.It is used to create effective teaching methods and to control problematic behaviors such as not cot plying with school and/or class rules. It is also used to improve inappropriate social behaviors including temper tantrums, interrupting, and difficulty sharing. All of only students were classified as having special needs and were plac ed in my learning resource classroom due to cognitive and/or behavioral deficits that required specialized support from a special education teacher. Many of my students had a difficult time appropriately interacting with adults and peers, especially in the area of manners.These students often required numerous verbal prompts and reminders from adults working with them to use manners. Unfortunately, the previous approach of verbally prompting my students to use appropriate manners did not have the intended positive effect of improving their social interactions. Scope and limitation This study considered the effect of positive reinforcement on the lassoer setting whom we wanted to see if the idea of behavior modification was an effective method for teaching and encouraging students' age-appropriate behaviors and social skills on the particular setting on classroom.Definition of Terms Behavior – What a person says or does. Cooperative Learning. – Cooperative Learning is a systematic pedagogical strategy that encourages small groups of students to work together for the achievement of a common goal. Classroom management- A set of skills needed by a teacher to plan, implement, and maintain a learning environment in which students learn decision- Discussion. -There are a variety of ways to stimulate discussion.Motivation- A driving force that encourages an action or behavior to occur Positive reinforcement- positive reinforcement involves the addition of a reinforcing stimulus following a behavior that makes it more likely that the behavior will occur again in the future. Reward- Something that is given in return for doing something else. Skills- An ability and capacity acquired through deliberate, systematic, and sustained effort to smoothly and adaptively carryout complex activities or Job functions involving ideas (cognitive kills), things (technical skills), and/or people (interpersonal skills).Teaching strategy- are the methods you use to allow lea rners to access the information you are teaching. This action research project explored the theory of behavior modification through the use of rewards to promote positive behavioral changes in students with special needs. A classroom behavior management plan was created to observe the effectiveness of positive reinforcement on influencing students' behaviors. This chapter presents the research methodologies used in the study.This includes the research design, sources of data, data gathering procedure and the statistical treatment of data. Research Design The researchers employed the one group must be experimental without reinforcement while the other group is a controlled group that if there is a motivation using positive reinforcement. By using this design, the researchers were able to determine effects of positive reinforcement regarding on their participation in class. The experimental and controlled group was used as a basis of comparison of reinforcement. Materials This will be conducted in a classroom setting

Powerless in Love Great Gatsby

Love is a very powerful emotion. It is able to consume a person’s mind and control their every thought, every action and every dream. Scott Fitzgerald demonstrates how love can hold a man’s heart and mind hostage through the portrayal of Jay Gatsby’s pursuit of the love of his life. In Fitzgerald’s novel The Great Gatsby, Gatsby’s heart and mind remain fixed on his past love of Daisy Buchanan as he creates a dream of once again returning to that moment in the past.Blinded by the illusion of Daisy as a tangible commodity, Gatsby is inspired by passion and love to redefine himself as he risks everything and consequently meets his own demise in his effort to reunite with Daisy and achieve his dreams. After falling in love with Daisy Buchanan, Gatsby fantasizes about their future life together and creates an illusion of her that is far beyond reality. Gatsby is enthralled by his past love, and as a result of his longing desire to restore this moment in time he has created the illusion of a woman synonymous to a goddess.Nick mentions on the afternoon that Gatsby and Daisy are reunited, â€Å"There must have been moments that afternoon when Daisy tumbled short of [Gatsby’s] dreams — not through her own fault, but because of the colossal vitality of his illusion. It had gone beyond her, beyond everything,† (95). When Gatsby meets Daisy once again after five years, he is disappointed, not by any action of Daisy, but because Gatsby has blown her up to be in equal comparison of a Greek goddess. Daisy is unable to live up to this supernatural illusion.Fitzgerald hints at Gatsby’s impression of Daisy’s superiority through their first kiss. He says, â€Å"At [Gatsby’s] lips’ touch she [blossoms] for him like a flower and the incarnation [is] complete,† (111). At this moment, Gatsby is finally able to touch this goddess that he pictures Daisy as being. His pursuit of this seemingly una ttainable dream is achieved when Daisy kisses him. She is incarnated so to speak from her elevation as a goddess to a tangible idea in Gatsby’s mind. Her illusion of perfectionism changes to an image of a mere woman; an extravagant woman, but not forbidden from Gatsby’s grasp any longer.He makes it his life – long dream to return to this moment in time. When he kisses her he â€Å"forever [weds] his unutterable visions to her perishable breath,† (110). His mind has been locked in his visions of Daisy and he becomes confident with the idea of being able to be with her. This confidence inspires him to redefine himself in order to achieve a position in society suitable to Daisy’s demands. As a result of Gatsby’s dream, he is motivated to become a man suitable to comfort Daisy, and in doing so he must redefine himself and his image in society.Daisy is a woman of inherited wealth; a member of the rich elite class in society. Nick mentions that Ga tsby â€Å"[takes] her under false pretenses. [Nick] [doesn’t] mean that [Gatsby] [has] traded on his phantom millions, but he [has] deliberately given Daisy a sense of security; he [lets] her believe that he [is] a person from much the same stratum as herself— that he was fully able to take care of her,† (149). Gatsby understands that he is not qualified by the unwritten laws of society to be with Daisy. He knows that such a relationship will be shunned by the laws of social life during this time.However, the forbidden fruit is the sweetest. Even though a relationship with Daisy is essentially prohibited, Gatsby strives to be of her class and for the time being lies to her about his social status. He makes her believe that he can support her comfortably in order to give himself a chance at winning over her heart. He learns that Daisy is swayed by money just as much as she is swayed by the looks or charm of a man. Therefore he devotes his life, from the moment o f his first kiss with Daisy to the present time, to accruing a vast amount of wealth and notoriety.He purchases a mansion across the bay from Daisy’s residence perhaps in the hopes that one day she may be interested in this grandiose house lit up like a jack-o-lantern across the bay. Nick has an epiphany of Gatsby’s intentions as he says, â€Å"[t]hen it had not been merely the stars to which [Gatsby] had aspired on that June night. He came alive to me, delivered suddenly from the womb of his purposeless splendor†¦He had waited five years and bought a mansion where he dispensed starlight to casual moths—so that he could ‘come over’ some afternoon to a stranger’s garden,† (78).It is Gatsby’s sole purpose to attract Daisy back into his daily life. For this reason he throws parties once every two weeks in the hopes that Daisy will be intrigued by the music and the lit up mansion across the bay and wander right into his house. Essentially, Gatsby is hoping that Daisy will be attracted to the lights of his house just as moths are attracted to the light of a lantern in the night.He dedicates himself toward this dream of reuniting with Daisy and he creates a facade of a wealthy and flamboyant life believing that if Daisy did ever wander into his house, she would feel that Gatsby is now capable of fulfilling her needs and supporting her comfortably. He valued all of his possessions only on the basis that Daisy may enjoy them. When Gatsby gives Daisy a tour of his mansion, Nick says, â€Å"I think [Gatsby] revalued everything in his house according to the measure of response it drew from her well-loved eyes,† (91).At this point it appears as though Gatsby would be ready to rid himself of any of his possessions which Daisy disliked. Everything in his house is methodically purchased for entertaining Daisy and advertising his wealth. He dedicates himself toward a dream and is willing to redefine himself an d sacrifice everything in the pursuit of Daisy. As Gatsby’s heart remains fixed in the past, he is in a constant struggle with time as he risks everything in his attempt to erase the past and achieve his dream. Gatsby’s vivid memory of Daisy and her beauty has him constantly dreaming of the past and fantasizing of an idea that is impossible.He desires to turn back time and erase Daisy’s relationship with Tom completely. Nick realizes that â€Å"[Gatsby wants] nothing less of Daisy than that she should go to Tom and say: ‘I never loved you. ’ After she had obliterated four years with that sentence they could decide upon the more practical measures to be taken,† (109). Tom is the only obstacle in between Gatsby and the achievement of his dream. Gatsby desires nothing more than for Daisy to admit that she never loved Tom and had always loved Gatsby. He wants to know that she reciprocated his love during the years they had been distant from each other.However, Daisy is unable to admit this and Gatsby’s dream is shattered. As he tries to erase the past in her mind, she becomes further distant from him and all hopes of reuniting are failing. Gatsby desperately attempts to revive his dream, â€Å"[b]ut with every word [Daisy] was drawing further and further into herself, so he gave that up, and only the dead dream fought on as the afternoon slipped away, trying to touch what was no longer tangible, struggling unhappily, undespairingly, toward that lost voice across the room,† (134).Gatsby puts an immense amount of effort into recreating the past and reviving a dream only to see it all collapse before his very eyes. His whole existence is centered on his love Daisy as he is overwhelmed by his obsession to win her heart. He has lost everything and his life has become meaningless. Up to this point, he allows his heart to rule his mind and he has put every moment of the past five years into accruing a fortune to attr act Daisy. Fitzgerald reveals, â€Å"No amount of fire or freshness can challenge what a man will store up in his ghostly heart,† (96).Fitzgerald implies the emotions generated from affairs of the heart have an uncanny power to control a man’s actions and his dreams. It is the power of Gatsby’s heart that leads him on his journey and motivates him to create his dream and his illusion of Daisy as a tangible ideal. This illusion initiated by his passion and love leads him to his own downfall and the collapse of his dreams. As a result of his heartfelt love for Daisy, Gatsby’s every moment is controlled by a time-warped illusion of his first moments with Daisy and his unfurling dream to recapture the love of his life.His pursuit of love is the force behind his attempt to redefine himself and create a new, wealthy Gatsby, suitable to Daisy and capable of achieving his dream of the two reuniting in love. Fitzgerald effectively demonstrates the power love has o ver a man’s soul and actions through the portrayal of Jay Gatsby in his quest and ultimate failure to win the heart of Daisy in his novel The Great Gatsby. Through his characterization of Gatsby, Fitzgerald illustrates that no matter how much passion or confidence a man may put into his dreams, they may never be achieved and may leave that man with nothing.Jay Gatsby epitomizes the affects the pursuit of love can have on a man as he passionately throws himself into his dreams of living happily ever after with Daisy and bases his whole existence around her. Consequently, although Gatsby is able to redefine himself into a rich and powerful man in a materialistic sense, the failure to win Daisy’s love renders him powerless as he is left with an empty heart and a dead, meaningless dream.